Cover Image

Optimization and characterization of free and cross-linked enzymes aggregate from solid-state fermented materials

The fermentation process is well known which can lead to a selective strain that produces a large-scale optimum enzyme. In this study, the enzymes used were thermophilic resistant and obtained from solid-state fermented material. However, another technique was approached in this research to obta...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Arab, Sonia Hadj, Alam, Md. Zahangir, Yusof, Faridah, Elgharbawy, Amal A.M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: International Islamic University Malaysia 2023
Subjects:
TA170 Environmental engineering. Sustainable engineering
TP Chemical technology
TP155 Chemical engineering
Online Access:http://irep.iium.edu.my/105809/7/105809_Optimization%20and%20characterization%20of%20free.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/105809/
https://journals.iium.edu.my/bnrej/index.php/bnrej/article/view/87
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my.iium.irep.105809
record_format dspace
spelling my.iium.irep.1058092023-12-21T07:23:56Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/105809/ Optimization and characterization of free and cross-linked enzymes aggregate from solid-state fermented materials Arab, Sonia Hadj Alam, Md. Zahangir Yusof, Faridah Elgharbawy, Amal A.M. TA170 Environmental engineering. Sustainable engineering TP Chemical technology TP155 Chemical engineering The fermentation process is well known which can lead to a selective strain that produces a large-scale optimum enzyme. In this study, the enzymes used were thermophilic resistant and obtained from solid-state fermented material. However, another technique was approached in this research to obtain higher stability of enzymes. Cross-linked Enzyme Aggregate (CLEA) technology was applied to provide higher tolerance of enzymes under harsh industrial environments. The enzymes assayed were protease, cellulase, xylanase, and pectinase. Maximizing the extraction of enzymes and optimizing the overall process before the immobilization was significant. Moreover, free, and immobilized enzymes were characterized to evaluate their stability and reusability. While the face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) under the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the immobilized enzymes. The influence of independent parameters i.e., the concentration of (precipitant) acetone, (cross-linker) glutaraldehyde, and (additive) bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied. This was followed by the further characterization of free and CLEA enzymes based on the optimum pH and temperature rooted in the stability and reusability of CLEA enzymes. Overall, the result obtained from optimization showed that CLEA-enzymes have a high recovery at 60% glutaraldehyde, 60% acetone, and 2.25mg/ml BSA for all the selected enzymes. In conclusion, the results from the characterization of free and immobilized enzymes showed higher resistance at a temperature of 60°C for free enzymes and 65°C for CLEA-enzymes. On the other side, the pH value was found at pH 8 for protease, xylanase, and pectinase, and pH 7 for cellulase. The application of CLEAs influenced the pH value, where pH 10 for xylanase and protease, pH9 for pectinase, and cellulase had the same pH of 7 as the free and immobilized cellulase. Overall, the activity was found to be 28.24% after six cycles International Islamic University Malaysia 2023-06-01 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/105809/7/105809_Optimization%20and%20characterization%20of%20free.pdf Arab, Sonia Hadj and Alam, Md. Zahangir and Yusof, Faridah and Elgharbawy, Amal A.M. (2023) Optimization and characterization of free and cross-linked enzymes aggregate from solid-state fermented materials. Biological and Natural Resources Engineering Journal, 7 (1). pp. 43-57. E-ISSN 2637-0719 https://journals.iium.edu.my/bnrej/index.php/bnrej/article/view/87
institution Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia
building IIUM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider International Islamic University Malaysia
content_source IIUM Repository (IREP)
url_provider http://irep.iium.edu.my/
language English
topic TA170 Environmental engineering. Sustainable engineering
TP Chemical technology
TP155 Chemical engineering
spellingShingle TA170 Environmental engineering. Sustainable engineering
TP Chemical technology
TP155 Chemical engineering
Arab, Sonia Hadj
Alam, Md. Zahangir
Yusof, Faridah
Elgharbawy, Amal A.M.
Optimization and characterization of free and cross-linked enzymes aggregate from solid-state fermented materials
description The fermentation process is well known which can lead to a selective strain that produces a large-scale optimum enzyme. In this study, the enzymes used were thermophilic resistant and obtained from solid-state fermented material. However, another technique was approached in this research to obtain higher stability of enzymes. Cross-linked Enzyme Aggregate (CLEA) technology was applied to provide higher tolerance of enzymes under harsh industrial environments. The enzymes assayed were protease, cellulase, xylanase, and pectinase. Maximizing the extraction of enzymes and optimizing the overall process before the immobilization was significant. Moreover, free, and immobilized enzymes were characterized to evaluate their stability and reusability. While the face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) under the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the immobilized enzymes. The influence of independent parameters i.e., the concentration of (precipitant) acetone, (cross-linker) glutaraldehyde, and (additive) bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied. This was followed by the further characterization of free and CLEA enzymes based on the optimum pH and temperature rooted in the stability and reusability of CLEA enzymes. Overall, the result obtained from optimization showed that CLEA-enzymes have a high recovery at 60% glutaraldehyde, 60% acetone, and 2.25mg/ml BSA for all the selected enzymes. In conclusion, the results from the characterization of free and immobilized enzymes showed higher resistance at a temperature of 60°C for free enzymes and 65°C for CLEA-enzymes. On the other side, the pH value was found at pH 8 for protease, xylanase, and pectinase, and pH 7 for cellulase. The application of CLEAs influenced the pH value, where pH 10 for xylanase and protease, pH9 for pectinase, and cellulase had the same pH of 7 as the free and immobilized cellulase. Overall, the activity was found to be 28.24% after six cycles
format Article
author Arab, Sonia Hadj
Alam, Md. Zahangir
Yusof, Faridah
Elgharbawy, Amal A.M.
author_facet Arab, Sonia Hadj
Alam, Md. Zahangir
Yusof, Faridah
Elgharbawy, Amal A.M.
author_sort Arab, Sonia Hadj
title Optimization and characterization of free and cross-linked enzymes aggregate from solid-state fermented materials
title_short Optimization and characterization of free and cross-linked enzymes aggregate from solid-state fermented materials
title_full Optimization and characterization of free and cross-linked enzymes aggregate from solid-state fermented materials
title_fullStr Optimization and characterization of free and cross-linked enzymes aggregate from solid-state fermented materials
title_full_unstemmed Optimization and characterization of free and cross-linked enzymes aggregate from solid-state fermented materials
title_sort optimization and characterization of free and cross-linked enzymes aggregate from solid-state fermented materials
publisher International Islamic University Malaysia
publishDate 2023
url http://irep.iium.edu.my/105809/7/105809_Optimization%20and%20characterization%20of%20free.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/105809/
https://journals.iium.edu.my/bnrej/index.php/bnrej/article/view/87
_version_ 1787131874839101440
score 13.211869

Similar Items