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Effect of hydrolysis time on the morphological, physical, chemical, and thermal behavior of sugar palm nanocrystalline cellulose (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr)

Sugar palm nanocrystalline celluloses (SPNCCs) were isolated from sugar palm fiber (SPF). In this study, acid hydrolysis (60 wt. %) at different reaction times (30, 45, and 60 min) was carried out to investigate the optimum yield of NCC. The physical properties, degree of polymerization, chemical co...

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Main Authors:	Ilyas, R. A., Sapuan, S. M., M. S. N., Atikah, Asyraf, M. R. M., S., Ayu Rafiqah, H. A., Aisyah, Mohd. Nurazzi, N., Norrrahim, M. N. F.
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	SAGE Publications Ltd 2021
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/97901/1/RAIlyas2021_EffectOfHydrolysisTimeOnTheMorphologicalPhysicalChemical.pdf http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/97901/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520932393
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spelling	my.utm.979012022-11-10T00:37:36Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/97901/ Effect of hydrolysis time on the morphological, physical, chemical, and thermal behavior of sugar palm nanocrystalline cellulose (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr) Ilyas, R. A. Sapuan, S. M. M. S. N., Atikah Asyraf, M. R. M. S., Ayu Rafiqah H. A., Aisyah Mohd. Nurazzi, N. Norrrahim, M. N. F. TP Chemical technology Sugar palm nanocrystalline celluloses (SPNCCs) were isolated from sugar palm fiber (SPF). In this study, acid hydrolysis (60 wt. %) at different reaction times (30, 45, and 60 min) was carried out to investigate the optimum yield of NCC. The physical properties, degree of polymerization, chemical composition, structural analysis, crystallinity, surface area and charge, zeta potential, thermal analysis, and morphological characterization were also conducted to determine the outcome (efficiency) of the process. The results showed that a needle-like shape was observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. TEM analysis showed optimum aspect ratios of 13.46, 14.44, and 13.13 for isolated SPNCC-I, SPNCC-II, and SPNCC-III, respectively. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the degradation temperature of NCC decreased slightly from 335.15? to 278.50? as the reaction time increased. A shorter hydrolysis time tended to produce SPNCC with higher thermal stability, as proven in thermal analysis by TGA. The optimal isolation time was found to be around 45 min at 1200 rpm during hydrolysis at 45? with 60% sulfuric acid. Therefore, the extracted SPNCC from SPF has huge potential to be utilized in the bionanocomposite field for the production of biopackaging, biomedical products, etc. SAGE Publications Ltd 2021 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/97901/1/RAIlyas2021_EffectOfHydrolysisTimeOnTheMorphologicalPhysicalChemical.pdf Ilyas, R. A. and Sapuan, S. M. and M. S. N., Atikah and Asyraf, M. R. M. and S., Ayu Rafiqah and H. A., Aisyah and Mohd. Nurazzi, N. and Norrrahim, M. N. F. (2021) Effect of hydrolysis time on the morphological, physical, chemical, and thermal behavior of sugar palm nanocrystalline cellulose (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr). Textile Research Journal, 91 (1-2). pp. 152-167. ISSN 0040-5175 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520932393 DOI : 10.1177/0040517520932393
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building	UTM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source	UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.utm.my/
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Ilyas, R. A. Sapuan, S. M. M. S. N., Atikah Asyraf, M. R. M. S., Ayu Rafiqah H. A., Aisyah Mohd. Nurazzi, N. Norrrahim, M. N. F. Effect of hydrolysis time on the morphological, physical, chemical, and thermal behavior of sugar palm nanocrystalline cellulose (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr)
description	Sugar palm nanocrystalline celluloses (SPNCCs) were isolated from sugar palm fiber (SPF). In this study, acid hydrolysis (60 wt. %) at different reaction times (30, 45, and 60 min) was carried out to investigate the optimum yield of NCC. The physical properties, degree of polymerization, chemical composition, structural analysis, crystallinity, surface area and charge, zeta potential, thermal analysis, and morphological characterization were also conducted to determine the outcome (efficiency) of the process. The results showed that a needle-like shape was observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. TEM analysis showed optimum aspect ratios of 13.46, 14.44, and 13.13 for isolated SPNCC-I, SPNCC-II, and SPNCC-III, respectively. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the degradation temperature of NCC decreased slightly from 335.15? to 278.50? as the reaction time increased. A shorter hydrolysis time tended to produce SPNCC with higher thermal stability, as proven in thermal analysis by TGA. The optimal isolation time was found to be around 45 min at 1200 rpm during hydrolysis at 45? with 60% sulfuric acid. Therefore, the extracted SPNCC from SPF has huge potential to be utilized in the bionanocomposite field for the production of biopackaging, biomedical products, etc.
format	Article
author	Ilyas, R. A. Sapuan, S. M. M. S. N., Atikah Asyraf, M. R. M. S., Ayu Rafiqah H. A., Aisyah Mohd. Nurazzi, N. Norrrahim, M. N. F.
author_facet	Ilyas, R. A. Sapuan, S. M. M. S. N., Atikah Asyraf, M. R. M. S., Ayu Rafiqah H. A., Aisyah Mohd. Nurazzi, N. Norrrahim, M. N. F.
author_sort	Ilyas, R. A.
title	Effect of hydrolysis time on the morphological, physical, chemical, and thermal behavior of sugar palm nanocrystalline cellulose (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr)
title_short	Effect of hydrolysis time on the morphological, physical, chemical, and thermal behavior of sugar palm nanocrystalline cellulose (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr)
title_full	Effect of hydrolysis time on the morphological, physical, chemical, and thermal behavior of sugar palm nanocrystalline cellulose (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr)
title_fullStr	Effect of hydrolysis time on the morphological, physical, chemical, and thermal behavior of sugar palm nanocrystalline cellulose (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr)
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of hydrolysis time on the morphological, physical, chemical, and thermal behavior of sugar palm nanocrystalline cellulose (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr)
title_sort	effect of hydrolysis time on the morphological, physical, chemical, and thermal behavior of sugar palm nanocrystalline cellulose (arenga pinnata (wurmb.) merr)
publisher	SAGE Publications Ltd
publishDate	2021
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/97901/1/RAIlyas2021_EffectOfHydrolysisTimeOnTheMorphologicalPhysicalChemical.pdf http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/97901/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520932393
_version_	1751536119499980800
score	13.211869

Effect of hydrolysis time on the morphological, physical, chemical, and thermal behavior of sugar palm nanocrystalline cellulose (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr)

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