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Optimisation of heating uniformity for milk pasteurisation using microwave coaxial slot applicator system

Microwave heating is a novel solution for milk pasteurisation but the non-uniformity of thermal distribution is still a significant problem that hampers its application especially for milk pasteurisation. This paper reports on the isotherm heating of a coaxial slot antenna applicator with a microwav...

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Main Authors: Abdullah, Suhail N., You, Kok Y., Chong, Cheong Y., El-Enshasy, Hesham A., Mohamed Ali, Mohamed S., Zainol, Noor A., Ismael, Alyaa H., Khe, Cheng S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Academic Press 2022
Subjects:
TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101254/1/YouKokYeow2022_OptimisationofHeatingUniformityforMilkPasteurisation.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101254/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2022.01.013
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spelling my.utm.1012542023-06-01T10:12:54Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101254/ Optimisation of heating uniformity for milk pasteurisation using microwave coaxial slot applicator system Abdullah, Suhail N. You, Kok Y. Chong, Cheong Y. El-Enshasy, Hesham A. Mohamed Ali, Mohamed S. Zainol, Noor A. Ismael, Alyaa H. Khe, Cheng S. TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Microwave heating is a novel solution for milk pasteurisation but the non-uniformity of thermal distribution is still a significant problem that hampers its application especially for milk pasteurisation. This paper reports on the isotherm heating of a coaxial slot antenna applicator with a microwave signal generation using a fabricated mono-mode microwave system designed to improve the temperature uniformity of batch milk pasteurisation. In this paper, applicator simulation, design, characterisation, and fabrication are described in detail. The fabricated microwave pasteurisation system was implemented using a digitally controlled water-cooled magnetron with a waveguide circulator, a three-screw waveguide tuner, a water-based waveguide terminator, and a rectangular to coaxial adapter to channel the output. The impedance matching and power calibration routines of the fabricated microwave pasteurisation system are explained and analysed in detail. Three microwave powers, namely 100 W, 125 W and 150 W were used to test and characterise the pasteurisation performance of the system. For each microwave power the thermal profile and the temperature distribution of the 100 ml milk samples in a glass beaker were simulated and measured. The pasteurisation process was evaluated based on the aerobic plate count (APC) test. Results showed 90% improvement in the temperature uniformity as compared with an existing batch microwave pasteurisation method. The APC test showed pasteurisation efficiency was 99.999% and total microbial elimination occurred after 7 min, 6 min, and 5 min of heating using 100 W, 125 W, and 150 W power respectively. Academic Press 2022 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101254/1/YouKokYeow2022_OptimisationofHeatingUniformityforMilkPasteurisation.pdf Abdullah, Suhail N. and You, Kok Y. and Chong, Cheong Y. and El-Enshasy, Hesham A. and Mohamed Ali, Mohamed S. and Zainol, Noor A. and Ismael, Alyaa H. and Khe, Cheng S. (2022) Optimisation of heating uniformity for milk pasteurisation using microwave coaxial slot applicator system. Biosystems Engineering, 215 (NA). pp. 271-282. ISSN 1537-5110 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2022.01.013 DOI : 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2022.01.013
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
language English
topic TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
spellingShingle TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Abdullah, Suhail N.
You, Kok Y.
Chong, Cheong Y.
El-Enshasy, Hesham A.
Mohamed Ali, Mohamed S.
Zainol, Noor A.
Ismael, Alyaa H.
Khe, Cheng S.
Optimisation of heating uniformity for milk pasteurisation using microwave coaxial slot applicator system
description Microwave heating is a novel solution for milk pasteurisation but the non-uniformity of thermal distribution is still a significant problem that hampers its application especially for milk pasteurisation. This paper reports on the isotherm heating of a coaxial slot antenna applicator with a microwave signal generation using a fabricated mono-mode microwave system designed to improve the temperature uniformity of batch milk pasteurisation. In this paper, applicator simulation, design, characterisation, and fabrication are described in detail. The fabricated microwave pasteurisation system was implemented using a digitally controlled water-cooled magnetron with a waveguide circulator, a three-screw waveguide tuner, a water-based waveguide terminator, and a rectangular to coaxial adapter to channel the output. The impedance matching and power calibration routines of the fabricated microwave pasteurisation system are explained and analysed in detail. Three microwave powers, namely 100 W, 125 W and 150 W were used to test and characterise the pasteurisation performance of the system. For each microwave power the thermal profile and the temperature distribution of the 100 ml milk samples in a glass beaker were simulated and measured. The pasteurisation process was evaluated based on the aerobic plate count (APC) test. Results showed 90% improvement in the temperature uniformity as compared with an existing batch microwave pasteurisation method. The APC test showed pasteurisation efficiency was 99.999% and total microbial elimination occurred after 7 min, 6 min, and 5 min of heating using 100 W, 125 W, and 150 W power respectively.
format Article
author Abdullah, Suhail N.
You, Kok Y.
Chong, Cheong Y.
El-Enshasy, Hesham A.
Mohamed Ali, Mohamed S.
Zainol, Noor A.
Ismael, Alyaa H.
Khe, Cheng S.
author_facet Abdullah, Suhail N.
You, Kok Y.
Chong, Cheong Y.
El-Enshasy, Hesham A.
Mohamed Ali, Mohamed S.
Zainol, Noor A.
Ismael, Alyaa H.
Khe, Cheng S.
author_sort Abdullah, Suhail N.
title Optimisation of heating uniformity for milk pasteurisation using microwave coaxial slot applicator system
title_short Optimisation of heating uniformity for milk pasteurisation using microwave coaxial slot applicator system
title_full Optimisation of heating uniformity for milk pasteurisation using microwave coaxial slot applicator system
title_fullStr Optimisation of heating uniformity for milk pasteurisation using microwave coaxial slot applicator system
title_full_unstemmed Optimisation of heating uniformity for milk pasteurisation using microwave coaxial slot applicator system
title_sort optimisation of heating uniformity for milk pasteurisation using microwave coaxial slot applicator system
publisher Academic Press
publishDate 2022
url http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101254/1/YouKokYeow2022_OptimisationofHeatingUniformityforMilkPasteurisation.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101254/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2022.01.013
_version_ 1768006631065387008
score 13.211869

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