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Effectiveness of quaternary ammonium in reducing microbial load on eggs

Table eggs are an affordable yet nutritious protein source for humans. Unfortunately, eggs are a vector for bacteria that could cause foodborne illness. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a quaternary ammonium compound (quat) sanitizer against aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeast, an...

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Main Authors: Hao, Yuan Chan, Meor Hussin, Anis Shobirin, Ahmad, Nurul Hawa, Rukayadi, Yaya, Farouk, Abd-ElAziem
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96851/1/ABSTRACT.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96851/
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/17/5259
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spelling my.upm.eprints.968512022-12-01T03:37:39Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96851/ Effectiveness of quaternary ammonium in reducing microbial load on eggs Hao, Yuan Chan Meor Hussin, Anis Shobirin Ahmad, Nurul Hawa Rukayadi, Yaya Farouk, Abd-ElAziem Table eggs are an affordable yet nutritious protein source for humans. Unfortunately, eggs are a vector for bacteria that could cause foodborne illness. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a quaternary ammonium compound (quat) sanitizer against aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeast, and mold load on the eggshell surface of free-range and commercial farms and the post-treatment effect on microbial load during storage. Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeast, and molds were enumerated using plate count techniques. The efficacy of the quaternary ammonium sanitizer (quat) was tested using two levels: full factorial with two replicates for corner points, factor A (maximum: 200 ppm, minimum: 100 ppm) and factor B (maximum: 15 min, minimum: 5 min). Quat sanitizer significantly (p < 0.05) reduced approximately 4 log10 CFU/cm2 of the aerobic mesophilic bacteria, 1.5 to 2.5 log10 CFU/cm2 of the mold population, and 1.5 to 2 log10 CFU/cm2 of the yeast population. However, there was no significant (p ≥ 0.05) response observed between individual factor levels (maximum and minimum), and two-way interaction terms were also not statistically significant (p ≥ 0.05). A low (<1 log10 CFU/cm2) aerobic mesophilic bacteria trend was observed when shell eggs were stored in a cold environment up to the production expiry date. No internal microbial load was observed; thus, it was postulated that washing with quat sanitizer discreetly (without physically damaging the eggshell) does not facilitate microbial penetration during storage at either room temperature or cold storage. Current study findings demonstrated that the quat sanitizer effectively reduced the microbial population on eggshells without promoting internal microbial growth. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96851/1/ABSTRACT.pdf Hao, Yuan Chan and Meor Hussin, Anis Shobirin and Ahmad, Nurul Hawa and Rukayadi, Yaya and Farouk, Abd-ElAziem (2021) Effectiveness of quaternary ammonium in reducing microbial load on eggs. Molecules, 26 (17). pp. 1-20. ISSN 1420-3049 https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/17/5259 10.3390/molecules26175259
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description Table eggs are an affordable yet nutritious protein source for humans. Unfortunately, eggs are a vector for bacteria that could cause foodborne illness. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a quaternary ammonium compound (quat) sanitizer against aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeast, and mold load on the eggshell surface of free-range and commercial farms and the post-treatment effect on microbial load during storage. Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeast, and molds were enumerated using plate count techniques. The efficacy of the quaternary ammonium sanitizer (quat) was tested using two levels: full factorial with two replicates for corner points, factor A (maximum: 200 ppm, minimum: 100 ppm) and factor B (maximum: 15 min, minimum: 5 min). Quat sanitizer significantly (p < 0.05) reduced approximately 4 log10 CFU/cm2 of the aerobic mesophilic bacteria, 1.5 to 2.5 log10 CFU/cm2 of the mold population, and 1.5 to 2 log10 CFU/cm2 of the yeast population. However, there was no significant (p ≥ 0.05) response observed between individual factor levels (maximum and minimum), and two-way interaction terms were also not statistically significant (p ≥ 0.05). A low (<1 log10 CFU/cm2) aerobic mesophilic bacteria trend was observed when shell eggs were stored in a cold environment up to the production expiry date. No internal microbial load was observed; thus, it was postulated that washing with quat sanitizer discreetly (without physically damaging the eggshell) does not facilitate microbial penetration during storage at either room temperature or cold storage. Current study findings demonstrated that the quat sanitizer effectively reduced the microbial population on eggshells without promoting internal microbial growth.
format Article
author Hao, Yuan Chan
Meor Hussin, Anis Shobirin
Ahmad, Nurul Hawa
Rukayadi, Yaya
Farouk, Abd-ElAziem
spellingShingle Hao, Yuan Chan
Meor Hussin, Anis Shobirin
Ahmad, Nurul Hawa
Rukayadi, Yaya
Farouk, Abd-ElAziem
Effectiveness of quaternary ammonium in reducing microbial load on eggs
author_facet Hao, Yuan Chan
Meor Hussin, Anis Shobirin
Ahmad, Nurul Hawa
Rukayadi, Yaya
Farouk, Abd-ElAziem
author_sort Hao, Yuan Chan
title Effectiveness of quaternary ammonium in reducing microbial load on eggs
title_short Effectiveness of quaternary ammonium in reducing microbial load on eggs
title_full Effectiveness of quaternary ammonium in reducing microbial load on eggs
title_fullStr Effectiveness of quaternary ammonium in reducing microbial load on eggs
title_full_unstemmed Effectiveness of quaternary ammonium in reducing microbial load on eggs
title_sort effectiveness of quaternary ammonium in reducing microbial load on eggs
publisher Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publishDate 2021
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96851/1/ABSTRACT.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/96851/
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/17/5259
_version_ 1751538262852239360
score 13.211869

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