Cover Image

Sub- and supercritical esterification of palm fatty acid distillate with carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalyst

The esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) in supercritical methanol was investigated by using carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalyst. The catalysts were prepared by sulfonation of incomplete carbonized glucose and starch, which had been coded as sulfonated-ICG and sulfonated-ICS, res...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman, Goto, Motonobu, Rashid, Umer, Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2016
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/28406/1/Sub-%20and%20supercritical%20esterification%20of%20palm%20fatty%20acid%20distillate%20with%20carbohydrate-derived%20solid%20acid%20catalyst.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/28406/
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894715011845
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my.upm.eprints.28406
record_format eprints
spelling my.upm.eprints.284062016-06-20T06:40:15Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/28406/ Sub- and supercritical esterification of palm fatty acid distillate with carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalyst Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman Goto, Motonobu Rashid, Umer Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin The esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) in supercritical methanol was investigated by using carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalyst. The catalysts were prepared by sulfonation of incomplete carbonized glucose and starch, which had been coded as sulfonated-ICG and sulfonated-ICS, respectively. The contents of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and its yield were determined by using gas chromatography techniques. The effects of sub- and supercritical operating conditions such as methanol/PFAD molar ratio, catalyst amount, reaction temperature and reaction time were analyzed to determine their optimum operating conditions. At optimum reaction temperature of 290 °C, methanol/PFAD molar ratio of 6/1, catalyst amount of 1 wt.% and 5 min reaction time, the esterification of PFAD in supercritical methanol with the presence of sulfonated-ICS and -ICG catalysts resulted 97.3% and 95.4% of FAME; both catalysts yield significantly higher percentages compared to uncatalyzed reaction. Alongside of its potential in enhancing the efficiency of production process, the utilization of carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalyst in supercritical methanol method had also resulting fast reaction and energy saving. Elsevier 2016-01 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/28406/1/Sub-%20and%20supercritical%20esterification%20of%20palm%20fatty%20acid%20distillate%20with%20carbohydrate-derived%20solid%20acid%20catalyst.pdf Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman and Goto, Motonobu and Rashid, Umer and Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin (2016) Sub- and supercritical esterification of palm fatty acid distillate with carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalyst. Chemical Engineering Journal, 284. pp. 872-878. ISSN 1385-8947; ESSN: 1873-3212 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894715011845 10.1016/j.cej.2015.08.102
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description The esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) in supercritical methanol was investigated by using carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalyst. The catalysts were prepared by sulfonation of incomplete carbonized glucose and starch, which had been coded as sulfonated-ICG and sulfonated-ICS, respectively. The contents of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and its yield were determined by using gas chromatography techniques. The effects of sub- and supercritical operating conditions such as methanol/PFAD molar ratio, catalyst amount, reaction temperature and reaction time were analyzed to determine their optimum operating conditions. At optimum reaction temperature of 290 °C, methanol/PFAD molar ratio of 6/1, catalyst amount of 1 wt.% and 5 min reaction time, the esterification of PFAD in supercritical methanol with the presence of sulfonated-ICS and -ICG catalysts resulted 97.3% and 95.4% of FAME; both catalysts yield significantly higher percentages compared to uncatalyzed reaction. Alongside of its potential in enhancing the efficiency of production process, the utilization of carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalyst in supercritical methanol method had also resulting fast reaction and energy saving.
format Article
author Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman
Goto, Motonobu
Rashid, Umer
Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin
spellingShingle Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman
Goto, Motonobu
Rashid, Umer
Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin
Sub- and supercritical esterification of palm fatty acid distillate with carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalyst
author_facet Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman
Goto, Motonobu
Rashid, Umer
Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin
author_sort Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman
title Sub- and supercritical esterification of palm fatty acid distillate with carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalyst
title_short Sub- and supercritical esterification of palm fatty acid distillate with carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalyst
title_full Sub- and supercritical esterification of palm fatty acid distillate with carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalyst
title_fullStr Sub- and supercritical esterification of palm fatty acid distillate with carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalyst
title_full_unstemmed Sub- and supercritical esterification of palm fatty acid distillate with carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalyst
title_sort sub- and supercritical esterification of palm fatty acid distillate with carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalyst
publisher Elsevier
publishDate 2016
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/28406/1/Sub-%20and%20supercritical%20esterification%20of%20palm%20fatty%20acid%20distillate%20with%20carbohydrate-derived%20solid%20acid%20catalyst.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/28406/
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894715011845
_version_ 1643829455714516992
score 13.211869

Similar Items