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Food forensics on gelatine source via ultra‑high‑performance liquid chromatography diode‑array detector and principal component analysis

This study provided a step-by-step procedure to investigate the distribution of 17 amino acids (AAs) in 50 fish, 50 bovine and 54 porcine gelatines using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Diode-Array Detector (UHPLC–DAD) with the incorporation of principal component analysis (PCA). Datase...

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Main Authors: Mohd Ismai, Azilawati, Abdullah Sani, Muhamad Shirwan, Azid, Azman, Mohd Zaki, Nor Nadiha, Arshad, Syariena, Tukiran, Nur Azira, Zainal Abidin, Siti Aimi Sarah, Samsudin, Mohd Saiful, Ismail, Amin
Format: Article
Language:English
English
English
Published: Springer International Publishing 2021
Subjects:
QD Chemistry
Online Access:http://irep.iium.edu.my/87725/1/Ismail%20et%20al.%20-%202021.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/87725/13/87725_Food%20forensics%20on%20gelatine%20source_scopus.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/87725/14/87725_Food%20forensics%20on%20gelatine%20source_wos.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/87725/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42452-020-04061-7
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spelling my.iium.irep.877252021-05-11T04:25:01Z http://irep.iium.edu.my/87725/ Food forensics on gelatine source via ultra‑high‑performance liquid chromatography diode‑array detector and principal component analysis Mohd Ismai, Azilawati Abdullah Sani, Muhamad Shirwan Azid, Azman Mohd Zaki, Nor Nadiha Arshad, Syariena Tukiran, Nur Azira Zainal Abidin, Siti Aimi Sarah Samsudin, Mohd Saiful Ismail, Amin QD Chemistry This study provided a step-by-step procedure to investigate the distribution of 17 amino acids (AAs) in 50 fish, 50 bovine and 54 porcine gelatines using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Diode-Array Detector (UHPLC–DAD) with the incorporation of principal component analysis (PCA). Dataset pre-processing step, including outlier removal, analysis of variance (ANOVA), dataset adequacy test, dataset transformation and correlation test was performed before the PCA. The method rendered linearity range of 37.5–1000 pmol/µL and accuracy of 85–111% recovery. The bovine and porcine gelatines showed a similar ranking while the l-Alanine (Ala), l-Arginine (Arg) and l-Glutamic acid (Glu) concentrations had differed the fish gelatine from the bovine and porcine gelatines. The PCA, which explained 77.013% cumulative variability at eigenvalue of 5.436, showed AAs with strong FL in PC1 had polar and nonpolar side chains while AAs with strong FL in PC2 had polar side chain. The AAs with moderate and weak FL in PC1 had a nonpolar side chain. The AAs with strong FL of in PC1 were also the same AAs with 7, 6 and 5 strong CMs as determined in the correlation test. The second PCA showed that the l-Serine (Ser), Arg, Glycine (Gly), l-Threonine (Thr), l-Methionine (Met), l-Histidine (His) and L-Hydroxyproline (Hyp) were significant in fish gelatine; Hyp, Met, Thr, Ser, His, Gly, and Arg in bovine gelatine; and l-Proline (Pro), l-Tyrosine (Tyr), l-Valine (Val), l-Leucine (Leu), and l-Phenylalanine (Phe) in porcine gelatine. The 100% fish, bovine and porcine gelatines accommodated grouping 1, 2 and 3, respectively, which proved that AAs with strong FL (Hyp, His, Ser, Arg, Gly, Thr, Pro, Tyr, Met, Val, Leu and Phe) were the significant AAs and becomes the biomarkers to identify the gelatine source. From this study, the PCA was a useful tool to analyse a multivariate dataset that could provide an in-depth understanding of AA distributions as compared to ANOVA and correlation test. Springer International Publishing 2021-01-11 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/87725/1/Ismail%20et%20al.%20-%202021.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/87725/13/87725_Food%20forensics%20on%20gelatine%20source_scopus.pdf application/pdf en http://irep.iium.edu.my/87725/14/87725_Food%20forensics%20on%20gelatine%20source_wos.pdf Mohd Ismai, Azilawati and Abdullah Sani, Muhamad Shirwan and Azid, Azman and Mohd Zaki, Nor Nadiha and Arshad, Syariena and Tukiran, Nur Azira and Zainal Abidin, Siti Aimi Sarah and Samsudin, Mohd Saiful and Ismail, Amin (2021) Food forensics on gelatine source via ultra‑high‑performance liquid chromatography diode‑array detector and principal component analysis. SN Applied Sciences, 3 (1). pp. 1-19. ISSN 2523-3963 E-ISSN 2523-3971 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42452-020-04061-7 10.1007/s42452-020-04061-7
institution Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia
building IIUM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider International Islamic University Malaysia
content_source IIUM Repository (IREP)
url_provider http://irep.iium.edu.my/
language English
English
English
topic QD Chemistry
spellingShingle QD Chemistry
Mohd Ismai, Azilawati
Abdullah Sani, Muhamad Shirwan
Azid, Azman
Mohd Zaki, Nor Nadiha
Arshad, Syariena
Tukiran, Nur Azira
Zainal Abidin, Siti Aimi Sarah
Samsudin, Mohd Saiful
Ismail, Amin
Food forensics on gelatine source via ultra‑high‑performance liquid chromatography diode‑array detector and principal component analysis
description This study provided a step-by-step procedure to investigate the distribution of 17 amino acids (AAs) in 50 fish, 50 bovine and 54 porcine gelatines using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Diode-Array Detector (UHPLC–DAD) with the incorporation of principal component analysis (PCA). Dataset pre-processing step, including outlier removal, analysis of variance (ANOVA), dataset adequacy test, dataset transformation and correlation test was performed before the PCA. The method rendered linearity range of 37.5–1000 pmol/µL and accuracy of 85–111% recovery. The bovine and porcine gelatines showed a similar ranking while the l-Alanine (Ala), l-Arginine (Arg) and l-Glutamic acid (Glu) concentrations had differed the fish gelatine from the bovine and porcine gelatines. The PCA, which explained 77.013% cumulative variability at eigenvalue of 5.436, showed AAs with strong FL in PC1 had polar and nonpolar side chains while AAs with strong FL in PC2 had polar side chain. The AAs with moderate and weak FL in PC1 had a nonpolar side chain. The AAs with strong FL of in PC1 were also the same AAs with 7, 6 and 5 strong CMs as determined in the correlation test. The second PCA showed that the l-Serine (Ser), Arg, Glycine (Gly), l-Threonine (Thr), l-Methionine (Met), l-Histidine (His) and L-Hydroxyproline (Hyp) were significant in fish gelatine; Hyp, Met, Thr, Ser, His, Gly, and Arg in bovine gelatine; and l-Proline (Pro), l-Tyrosine (Tyr), l-Valine (Val), l-Leucine (Leu), and l-Phenylalanine (Phe) in porcine gelatine. The 100% fish, bovine and porcine gelatines accommodated grouping 1, 2 and 3, respectively, which proved that AAs with strong FL (Hyp, His, Ser, Arg, Gly, Thr, Pro, Tyr, Met, Val, Leu and Phe) were the significant AAs and becomes the biomarkers to identify the gelatine source. From this study, the PCA was a useful tool to analyse a multivariate dataset that could provide an in-depth understanding of AA distributions as compared to ANOVA and correlation test.
format Article
author Mohd Ismai, Azilawati
Abdullah Sani, Muhamad Shirwan
Azid, Azman
Mohd Zaki, Nor Nadiha
Arshad, Syariena
Tukiran, Nur Azira
Zainal Abidin, Siti Aimi Sarah
Samsudin, Mohd Saiful
Ismail, Amin
author_facet Mohd Ismai, Azilawati
Abdullah Sani, Muhamad Shirwan
Azid, Azman
Mohd Zaki, Nor Nadiha
Arshad, Syariena
Tukiran, Nur Azira
Zainal Abidin, Siti Aimi Sarah
Samsudin, Mohd Saiful
Ismail, Amin
author_sort Mohd Ismai, Azilawati
title Food forensics on gelatine source via ultra‑high‑performance liquid chromatography diode‑array detector and principal component analysis
title_short Food forensics on gelatine source via ultra‑high‑performance liquid chromatography diode‑array detector and principal component analysis
title_full Food forensics on gelatine source via ultra‑high‑performance liquid chromatography diode‑array detector and principal component analysis
title_fullStr Food forensics on gelatine source via ultra‑high‑performance liquid chromatography diode‑array detector and principal component analysis
title_full_unstemmed Food forensics on gelatine source via ultra‑high‑performance liquid chromatography diode‑array detector and principal component analysis
title_sort food forensics on gelatine source via ultra‑high‑performance liquid chromatography diode‑array detector and principal component analysis
publisher Springer International Publishing
publishDate 2021
url http://irep.iium.edu.my/87725/1/Ismail%20et%20al.%20-%202021.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/87725/13/87725_Food%20forensics%20on%20gelatine%20source_scopus.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/87725/14/87725_Food%20forensics%20on%20gelatine%20source_wos.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/87725/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42452-020-04061-7
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score 13.211869

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