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Physical-mechanical properties and thermogravimetric analysis of fired clay brick incorporating palm kernel shell for alternative raw materials

This article explores the potential of incorporating palm kernel shells (PKS) from palm oil mill waste as a clay replacement for fired clay bricks. PKS, an abundant byproduct of palm oil extraction, have high cellulose content and high calorific value, making them an ideal option for clay replacem...

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Main Authors: Sarani, Noor Amira, Abdul Kadir, Aeslina, Md Din, Mohd Fadhil, Hashim, Azini Amiza, Hassan, Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem, Abdul Hamid, Nur Jannah, Hashar, Nurul Nabila Huda, Hissham, Nur Fatin Nabila, S.M. Johan, Siti Farhanah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2023
Subjects:
T Technology (General)
Online Access:http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/11542/1/J16070_0ca1207b0b1d246405680066ae1fa84c.pdf
http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/11542/
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131032
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spelling my.uthm.eprints.115422024-08-21T08:08:43Z http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/11542/ Physical-mechanical properties and thermogravimetric analysis of fired clay brick incorporating palm kernel shell for alternative raw materials Sarani, Noor Amira Abdul Kadir, Aeslina Md Din, Mohd Fadhil Hashim, Azini Amiza Hassan, Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem Abdul Hamid, Nur Jannah Hashar, Nurul Nabila Huda Hissham, Nur Fatin Nabila S.M. Johan, Siti Farhanah T Technology (General) This article explores the potential of incorporating palm kernel shells (PKS) from palm oil mill waste as a clay replacement for fired clay bricks. PKS, an abundant byproduct of palm oil extraction, have high cellulose content and high calorific value, making them an ideal option for clay replacement in brick making. For this purpose, clay soil was replaced with different percentages of PKS (0, 1, 5 and 10%) and subjected to a firing temperature of 1050 ◦C (heating rate of 1 ◦C/min). The physical–mechanical properties such as shape, size, colour, dry density, water absorption, thermal conductivity, porosity and compressive strength, as well as microstructural and morphological properties (XRD, SEM-EDX and digital image) and thermal analysis data (TGA-DTA) were evaluated to determine the effects of replacing PKS in fired clay bricks. The results showed that the incorporation of PKS increased firing shrinkage and porosity and decreased dry density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity. However, incorporating more than 5% PKS resulted in lower mechanical properties (24.6 to 11.0 MPa) and higher water absorption (3 to 12%) due to increased firing shrinkage and porosity (0.3 to 0.9% and 13 to 20%, respectively). The bricks also exhibited lower density (1799 to 1645 kg/m3 ) and improved thermal properties (0.54 to 0.36 W/m.K) due to the development of porosity during the firing process. While the degradation of organic components was a concern, it was determined that all organic components were completely degraded below 650 ◦C and the bricks matured at 950 ◦C. The study concluded that the use of PKS as a partial replacement for clay in brick manufacture is a viable solution for waste management. Elsevier 2023 Article PeerReviewed text en http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/11542/1/J16070_0ca1207b0b1d246405680066ae1fa84c.pdf Sarani, Noor Amira and Abdul Kadir, Aeslina and Md Din, Mohd Fadhil and Hashim, Azini Amiza and Hassan, Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem and Abdul Hamid, Nur Jannah and Hashar, Nurul Nabila Huda and Hissham, Nur Fatin Nabila and S.M. Johan, Siti Farhanah (2023) Physical-mechanical properties and thermogravimetric analysis of fired clay brick incorporating palm kernel shell for alternative raw materials. Construction and Building Materials, 376. pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131032
institution Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
building UTHM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
content_source UTHM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/
language English
topic T Technology (General)
spellingShingle T Technology (General)
Sarani, Noor Amira
Abdul Kadir, Aeslina
Md Din, Mohd Fadhil
Hashim, Azini Amiza
Hassan, Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem
Abdul Hamid, Nur Jannah
Hashar, Nurul Nabila Huda
Hissham, Nur Fatin Nabila
S.M. Johan, Siti Farhanah
Physical-mechanical properties and thermogravimetric analysis of fired clay brick incorporating palm kernel shell for alternative raw materials
description This article explores the potential of incorporating palm kernel shells (PKS) from palm oil mill waste as a clay replacement for fired clay bricks. PKS, an abundant byproduct of palm oil extraction, have high cellulose content and high calorific value, making them an ideal option for clay replacement in brick making. For this purpose, clay soil was replaced with different percentages of PKS (0, 1, 5 and 10%) and subjected to a firing temperature of 1050 ◦C (heating rate of 1 ◦C/min). The physical–mechanical properties such as shape, size, colour, dry density, water absorption, thermal conductivity, porosity and compressive strength, as well as microstructural and morphological properties (XRD, SEM-EDX and digital image) and thermal analysis data (TGA-DTA) were evaluated to determine the effects of replacing PKS in fired clay bricks. The results showed that the incorporation of PKS increased firing shrinkage and porosity and decreased dry density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity. However, incorporating more than 5% PKS resulted in lower mechanical properties (24.6 to 11.0 MPa) and higher water absorption (3 to 12%) due to increased firing shrinkage and porosity (0.3 to 0.9% and 13 to 20%, respectively). The bricks also exhibited lower density (1799 to 1645 kg/m3 ) and improved thermal properties (0.54 to 0.36 W/m.K) due to the development of porosity during the firing process. While the degradation of organic components was a concern, it was determined that all organic components were completely degraded below 650 ◦C and the bricks matured at 950 ◦C. The study concluded that the use of PKS as a partial replacement for clay in brick manufacture is a viable solution for waste management.
format Article
author Sarani, Noor Amira
Abdul Kadir, Aeslina
Md Din, Mohd Fadhil
Hashim, Azini Amiza
Hassan, Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem
Abdul Hamid, Nur Jannah
Hashar, Nurul Nabila Huda
Hissham, Nur Fatin Nabila
S.M. Johan, Siti Farhanah
author_facet Sarani, Noor Amira
Abdul Kadir, Aeslina
Md Din, Mohd Fadhil
Hashim, Azini Amiza
Hassan, Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem
Abdul Hamid, Nur Jannah
Hashar, Nurul Nabila Huda
Hissham, Nur Fatin Nabila
S.M. Johan, Siti Farhanah
author_sort Sarani, Noor Amira
title Physical-mechanical properties and thermogravimetric analysis of fired clay brick incorporating palm kernel shell for alternative raw materials
title_short Physical-mechanical properties and thermogravimetric analysis of fired clay brick incorporating palm kernel shell for alternative raw materials
title_full Physical-mechanical properties and thermogravimetric analysis of fired clay brick incorporating palm kernel shell for alternative raw materials
title_fullStr Physical-mechanical properties and thermogravimetric analysis of fired clay brick incorporating palm kernel shell for alternative raw materials
title_full_unstemmed Physical-mechanical properties and thermogravimetric analysis of fired clay brick incorporating palm kernel shell for alternative raw materials
title_sort physical-mechanical properties and thermogravimetric analysis of fired clay brick incorporating palm kernel shell for alternative raw materials
publisher Elsevier
publishDate 2023
url http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/11542/1/J16070_0ca1207b0b1d246405680066ae1fa84c.pdf
http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/11542/
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131032
_version_ 1809145066537615360
score 13.211869

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