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Optimization of central composite design of ferric reducing antioxidant power from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) shell using Ultrasound-assisted Technique

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) shell is waste product discarded from the cocoa industry. About 75% of cocoa fruit is waste. Inthe present study, antioxidant assay (ferric reducing antioxidant power) for cocoa shell was optimized by response surface methodology with three factors and five levels of the mode...

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Main Authors: Md Yusof, A. H, Abd Gani S. S, S. S, Zaidan, U. H, Halmi, M. I. E., Abdul Wahab, N
Format: Article
Published: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication 2019
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81563/
https://www.ijrte.org/download/volume-8-issue-2s2/
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spelling my.upm.eprints.815632024-05-14T07:17:25Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81563/ Optimization of central composite design of ferric reducing antioxidant power from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) shell using Ultrasound-assisted Technique Md Yusof, A. H Abd Gani S. S, S. S Zaidan, U. H Halmi, M. I. E. Abdul Wahab, N Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) shell is waste product discarded from the cocoa industry. About 75% of cocoa fruit is waste. Inthe present study, antioxidant assay (ferric reducing antioxidant power) for cocoa shell was optimized by response surface methodology with three factors and five levels of the model. The factorswere set at solvent percentages (70-90%), temperatures (45-65°C), and ultrasound irradiation times (30-60 minutes at a constant frequency of 40 kHz. Optimum conditions were established at 70%, 65°C,and 30 minutes respectively, at a concentration of 1.41±0.01 µmoles/L. The analysis of variance (ANOVA)revealed that the coefficient of determination (R2 ) was 0.9650 at an optimum concentration of1.41±0.01 µmoles/L. Under these conditions, the predicted value was established at1.37, slightly lower than the experimental value. However, the data fit the model with significance at p<0.0001 and lack of fit test at p = 0.5091. The study confirmed that the model equation could be used to predict future observation within the model design range. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication 2019 Article PeerReviewed Md Yusof, A. H and Abd Gani S. S, S. S and Zaidan, U. H and Halmi, M. I. E. and Abdul Wahab, N (2019) Optimization of central composite design of ferric reducing antioxidant power from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) shell using Ultrasound-assisted Technique. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 8 (2S2). pp. 80-85. ISSN 2277-3878 https://www.ijrte.org/download/volume-8-issue-2s2/ 10.35940/ijrte.B1015.0782S219
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
description Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) shell is waste product discarded from the cocoa industry. About 75% of cocoa fruit is waste. Inthe present study, antioxidant assay (ferric reducing antioxidant power) for cocoa shell was optimized by response surface methodology with three factors and five levels of the model. The factorswere set at solvent percentages (70-90%), temperatures (45-65°C), and ultrasound irradiation times (30-60 minutes at a constant frequency of 40 kHz. Optimum conditions were established at 70%, 65°C,and 30 minutes respectively, at a concentration of 1.41±0.01 µmoles/L. The analysis of variance (ANOVA)revealed that the coefficient of determination (R2 ) was 0.9650 at an optimum concentration of1.41±0.01 µmoles/L. Under these conditions, the predicted value was established at1.37, slightly lower than the experimental value. However, the data fit the model with significance at p<0.0001 and lack of fit test at p = 0.5091. The study confirmed that the model equation could be used to predict future observation within the model design range.
format Article
author Md Yusof, A. H
Abd Gani S. S, S. S
Zaidan, U. H
Halmi, M. I. E.
Abdul Wahab, N
spellingShingle Md Yusof, A. H
Abd Gani S. S, S. S
Zaidan, U. H
Halmi, M. I. E.
Abdul Wahab, N
Optimization of central composite design of ferric reducing antioxidant power from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) shell using Ultrasound-assisted Technique
author_facet Md Yusof, A. H
Abd Gani S. S, S. S
Zaidan, U. H
Halmi, M. I. E.
Abdul Wahab, N
author_sort Md Yusof, A. H
title Optimization of central composite design of ferric reducing antioxidant power from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) shell using Ultrasound-assisted Technique
title_short Optimization of central composite design of ferric reducing antioxidant power from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) shell using Ultrasound-assisted Technique
title_full Optimization of central composite design of ferric reducing antioxidant power from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) shell using Ultrasound-assisted Technique
title_fullStr Optimization of central composite design of ferric reducing antioxidant power from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) shell using Ultrasound-assisted Technique
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of central composite design of ferric reducing antioxidant power from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) shell using Ultrasound-assisted Technique
title_sort optimization of central composite design of ferric reducing antioxidant power from cocoa (theobroma cacao) shell using ultrasound-assisted technique
publisher Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication
publishDate 2019
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/81563/
https://www.ijrte.org/download/volume-8-issue-2s2/
_version_ 1800093757645783040
score 13.211869

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