Effects of Phytase, Phosphorus, Protein and Temperature on Growth, Apparent Nutrient Digestibility and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens
Feeding excessive dietary phosphorus (P) is not only expensive but would lead to environmental pollution and mineral binding. Phytase has been utilized extensively to break down the links between nutrients and the phytate ring, increasing nutrients availability, thus creating both economic and en...
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2005
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Phytases - Broilers (Poultry) - Case studies Phosphorous - Broilers (Poultry) - Case studies Lai, Pui Wah Effects of Phytase, Phosphorus, Protein and Temperature on Growth, Apparent Nutrient Digestibility and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens |
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Feeding excessive dietary phosphorus (P) is not only expensive but would lead to
environmental pollution and mineral binding. Phytase has been utilized extensively
to break down the links between nutrients and the phytate ring, increasing nutrients
availability, thus creating both economic and environmental advantages. High
temperatures are detrimental to poultry performance. Since sophisticated cooling
systems are costly, dietary protein manipulation is one of the corrective approaches
to overcome the adverse effects of heat stress. The objectives of the present study
were to investigate the effects of phytase, inorganic P, crude protein (CP),
environmental temperature (T) and their two-way interactions on growth
performance, apparent nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics in broiler
chickens.
Phytase supplementation by itself did not affect (P>0.05) the broilers' growth
performance; bone, carcass characteristics, meat tenderness and water holding
capacity. However, addition of P enhanced the birds' appetite, improved (P<0.05) FI,
BWG and FCR. Increasing dietary CP decreased feed intake (FI) but enhanced
iii
(P<0.05) body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Broilers in the
lower T chamber had better growth rate than those in the warmer environment.
Broilers given supplemental phytase and 23% CP diet performed better than their
counterparts. Addition of P ameliorated the adverse effects of low dietary CP content
or high T, indicating a significant (P<0.05) interaction. Increasing dietary CP content
did not impair the growth performance of the broilers in the higher T chamber as
reported probably because the elevation of T was not high enough to cause
hyperthermia.
Phytase increased (P<0.05) the apparent digestibility of calcium (Ca) suggesting a
higher release of Ca from the phytate mineral complex. As the dietary P level
increased, apparent digestibilities for apparent metabolizable energy (AME) was
decreased Ca, P and CP were increased (P<0.05). Apparent digestibility for P
increased (P<0.05) but was vice versa for Ca as CP level increased. Elevating the
environmental T reduced (Pc0.05) the apparent digestibility for Ca and CP but
increased (Pc0.05) apparent P digestibility. Phytase x P effect was significant
(PC0.05) on the apparent digestibility for Ca. Supplemental phytase with 23% dietary
CP increased the apparent digestibility for P, indicating phytase and CP interaction
(W0.05). Birds fed with supplemental P and 23% CP diet utilized the P and CP more
efficiently. Warm condition restored the deleterious effect of non supplemental P
diets for P utilization.
Bone development improved (P<0.05) when P was added. Ash content was not
affected (P>0.05) by dietary CP content while better (P<0.05) bone mineralization
was observed from the birds in the lower T environment. P x CP interaction (P<0.05)
was noted on the bone strength, with increasing dietary P and CP levels effecting
improved bone stren@ Birds supplemented with P and kept in the cooler
environment had stronger tibia than other b i i in dicating P x T effect (P<0.05).
Supplemental phytase increased (P-4.05) serum P level and reduced alkaline
phosphatase (ALKP) level. P deficiency resulted in increment in serum Ca and a
decrease in serum P levels. An increased serum ALKP activity noted was in r e s p g ~
to decreasing P level or CP content in the did Phytase x P effect was significant
(P<0.05) on serum P and ALKP level. Phytase ameliorated the negative effect of low
dietary CP level on the P availability. Birds fed supplemental P and 23% CP diet had .-
higher serum P and lower ALKP level. Additional P and higher CP content in the
diet restored the detrimental effects of high T on P utilization in broilers.
Supplemental P increased (P<0.05) carcass yield while 23% CP diet improved
carcass characteristics and caused a reduction (PK0.05) in leaf fat. Broilers in the
lower T environment had better carcass characteristics. Addition of phytase restored
the low protein effect to increase leaf fat. For birds fed with supplemental P in the
23% CP diet, better carcass characteristics were observed, indicating P x CP effect
(K0.05). Birds kept in the lower T chamber and provided with P or 23% CP feed
had heavier carcass components.
Broilers fed higher CP (23%) diet had tougher breast meat than those fed lower CP
feed while more tender breast meat was obtained fiom the b i i kept in the lower T
chamber as compared to those kept in the higher T. WHC of the meat was affected
by dietary P, CP and environmental T. |
| format |
Thesis |
| author |
Lai, Pui Wah |
| author_facet |
Lai, Pui Wah |
| author_sort |
Lai, Pui Wah |
| title |
Effects of Phytase, Phosphorus, Protein and Temperature on Growth, Apparent Nutrient Digestibility and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens |
| title_short |
Effects of Phytase, Phosphorus, Protein and Temperature on Growth, Apparent Nutrient Digestibility and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens |
| title_full |
Effects of Phytase, Phosphorus, Protein and Temperature on Growth, Apparent Nutrient Digestibility and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens |
| title_fullStr |
Effects of Phytase, Phosphorus, Protein and Temperature on Growth, Apparent Nutrient Digestibility and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of Phytase, Phosphorus, Protein and Temperature on Growth, Apparent Nutrient Digestibility and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens |
| title_sort |
effects of phytase, phosphorus, protein and temperature on growth, apparent nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens |
| publishDate |
2005 |
| url |
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/6192/1/FP_2005_15.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/6192/ |
| _version_ |
1781706609908514816 |
| spelling |
my.upm.eprints.61922023-10-12T07:33:49Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/6192/ Effects of Phytase, Phosphorus, Protein and Temperature on Growth, Apparent Nutrient Digestibility and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Lai, Pui Wah Feeding excessive dietary phosphorus (P) is not only expensive but would lead to environmental pollution and mineral binding. Phytase has been utilized extensively to break down the links between nutrients and the phytate ring, increasing nutrients availability, thus creating both economic and environmental advantages. High temperatures are detrimental to poultry performance. Since sophisticated cooling systems are costly, dietary protein manipulation is one of the corrective approaches to overcome the adverse effects of heat stress. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of phytase, inorganic P, crude protein (CP), environmental temperature (T) and their two-way interactions on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens. Phytase supplementation by itself did not affect (P>0.05) the broilers' growth performance; bone, carcass characteristics, meat tenderness and water holding capacity. However, addition of P enhanced the birds' appetite, improved (P<0.05) FI, BWG and FCR. Increasing dietary CP decreased feed intake (FI) but enhanced iii (P<0.05) body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Broilers in the lower T chamber had better growth rate than those in the warmer environment. Broilers given supplemental phytase and 23% CP diet performed better than their counterparts. Addition of P ameliorated the adverse effects of low dietary CP content or high T, indicating a significant (P<0.05) interaction. Increasing dietary CP content did not impair the growth performance of the broilers in the higher T chamber as reported probably because the elevation of T was not high enough to cause hyperthermia. Phytase increased (P<0.05) the apparent digestibility of calcium (Ca) suggesting a higher release of Ca from the phytate mineral complex. As the dietary P level increased, apparent digestibilities for apparent metabolizable energy (AME) was decreased Ca, P and CP were increased (P<0.05). Apparent digestibility for P increased (P<0.05) but was vice versa for Ca as CP level increased. Elevating the environmental T reduced (Pc0.05) the apparent digestibility for Ca and CP but increased (Pc0.05) apparent P digestibility. Phytase x P effect was significant (PC0.05) on the apparent digestibility for Ca. Supplemental phytase with 23% dietary CP increased the apparent digestibility for P, indicating phytase and CP interaction (W0.05). Birds fed with supplemental P and 23% CP diet utilized the P and CP more efficiently. Warm condition restored the deleterious effect of non supplemental P diets for P utilization. Bone development improved (P<0.05) when P was added. Ash content was not affected (P>0.05) by dietary CP content while better (P<0.05) bone mineralization was observed from the birds in the lower T environment. P x CP interaction (P<0.05) was noted on the bone strength, with increasing dietary P and CP levels effecting improved bone stren@ Birds supplemented with P and kept in the cooler environment had stronger tibia than other b i i in dicating P x T effect (P<0.05). Supplemental phytase increased (P-4.05) serum P level and reduced alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) level. P deficiency resulted in increment in serum Ca and a decrease in serum P levels. An increased serum ALKP activity noted was in r e s p g ~ to decreasing P level or CP content in the did Phytase x P effect was significant (P<0.05) on serum P and ALKP level. Phytase ameliorated the negative effect of low dietary CP level on the P availability. Birds fed supplemental P and 23% CP diet had .- higher serum P and lower ALKP level. Additional P and higher CP content in the diet restored the detrimental effects of high T on P utilization in broilers. Supplemental P increased (P<0.05) carcass yield while 23% CP diet improved carcass characteristics and caused a reduction (PK0.05) in leaf fat. Broilers in the lower T environment had better carcass characteristics. Addition of phytase restored the low protein effect to increase leaf fat. For birds fed with supplemental P in the 23% CP diet, better carcass characteristics were observed, indicating P x CP effect (K0.05). Birds kept in the lower T chamber and provided with P or 23% CP feed had heavier carcass components. Broilers fed higher CP (23%) diet had tougher breast meat than those fed lower CP feed while more tender breast meat was obtained fiom the b i i kept in the lower T chamber as compared to those kept in the higher T. WHC of the meat was affected by dietary P, CP and environmental T. 2005-09 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/6192/1/FP_2005_15.pdf Lai, Pui Wah (2005) Effects of Phytase, Phosphorus, Protein and Temperature on Growth, Apparent Nutrient Digestibility and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens. Masters thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Phytases - Broilers (Poultry) - Case studies Phosphorous - Broilers (Poultry) - Case studies English |
| score |
13.211869 |