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Serum concentration of ketamine and antinociceptive effects of ketamine and ketamine-lidocaine infusions in conscious dogs

Background: Central sensitization is a potential severe consequence of invasive surgical procedures. It results in postoperative and potentially chronic pain enhancement. It results in postoperative pain enhancement; clinically manifested as hyperalgesia and allodynia. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) re...

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Main Authors: Kaka, Ubedullah, Saifullah, Bullo, Abubakar, Adamu Abdul, Goh, Yong Meng, Fakurazi, Sharida, Kaka, Asmatullah, Behan, Atique Ahmed, Ebrahimi, Mahdi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BioMed Central 2016
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/53800/1/Serum%20concentration%20of%20ketamine%20and.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/53800/
https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-016-0815-4
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spelling my.upm.eprints.538002018-02-02T08:45:53Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/53800/ Serum concentration of ketamine and antinociceptive effects of ketamine and ketamine-lidocaine infusions in conscious dogs Kaka, Ubedullah Saifullah, Bullo Abubakar, Adamu Abdul Goh, Yong Meng Fakurazi, Sharida Kaka, Asmatullah Behan, Atique Ahmed Ebrahimi, Mahdi Background: Central sensitization is a potential severe consequence of invasive surgical procedures. It results in postoperative and potentially chronic pain enhancement. It results in postoperative pain enhancement; clinically manifested as hyperalgesia and allodynia. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor plays a crucial role in the mechanism of central sensitisation. Ketamine is most commonly used NMDA-antagonist in human and veterinary practice. However, the antinociceptive serum concentration of ketamine is not yet properly established in dogs. Six dogs were used in a crossover design, with one week washout period. Treatments consisted of: 1) 0.5 mg/kg ketamine followed by continuous rate infusion (CRI) of 30 μg/kg/min; 2) 0.5 mg/kg ketamine followed by CRI of 30 μg/kg/min and lidocaine (2 mg/kg followed by CRI of 100 μg/kg/min); and 3) 0.5 mg/kg ketamine followed by CRI of 50 μg/kg/min. The infusion was administered up to 120 min. Nociceptive thresholds and ketamine serum concentrations were measured before drug administration, and at 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120, 140 and 160 min after the start of infusion. Results: Maximum concentration recorded was 435.34 ± 26.18 ng/mL, 582.34 ± 227.46 ng/mL and 733.77 ± 133.6 ng/mL for K30, KL30 and K50, respectively. The concentration at 120 min was 250.87 ± 39.87, 221.73 ± 91.03 and 343.67 ± 63.21 ng/mL at 120 min in K30, KL30 and K50, respectively. All the three infusion regimes maintained serum concentrations above 200 ng/mL. The thresholds returned towards baseline values within 20 min, after cessation of infusion. Conclusion: Serum concentration to produce mechanical antinociceptive effects in dogs is between 100 and 200 ng/mL. All the three infusion regimes in this study provided antinociceptive effects throughout the infusions. In this study, we found that the serum concentration of ketamine to produce mechanical antinociceptive effects in dogs is above 200 ng/mL. All three infusion regimes provided antinociceptive effects throughout the infusions without causing harmful effects. Further studies are recommended in a clinical setting. BioMed Central 2016 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/53800/1/Serum%20concentration%20of%20ketamine%20and.pdf Kaka, Ubedullah and Saifullah, Bullo and Abubakar, Adamu Abdul and Goh, Yong Meng and Fakurazi, Sharida and Kaka, Asmatullah and Behan, Atique Ahmed and Ebrahimi, Mahdi (2016) Serum concentration of ketamine and antinociceptive effects of ketamine and ketamine-lidocaine infusions in conscious dogs. BMC Veterinary Research, 12 (198). pp. 1-10. ISSN 1746-6148 https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-016-0815-4 10.1186/s12917-016-0815-4
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description Background: Central sensitization is a potential severe consequence of invasive surgical procedures. It results in postoperative and potentially chronic pain enhancement. It results in postoperative pain enhancement; clinically manifested as hyperalgesia and allodynia. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor plays a crucial role in the mechanism of central sensitisation. Ketamine is most commonly used NMDA-antagonist in human and veterinary practice. However, the antinociceptive serum concentration of ketamine is not yet properly established in dogs. Six dogs were used in a crossover design, with one week washout period. Treatments consisted of: 1) 0.5 mg/kg ketamine followed by continuous rate infusion (CRI) of 30 μg/kg/min; 2) 0.5 mg/kg ketamine followed by CRI of 30 μg/kg/min and lidocaine (2 mg/kg followed by CRI of 100 μg/kg/min); and 3) 0.5 mg/kg ketamine followed by CRI of 50 μg/kg/min. The infusion was administered up to 120 min. Nociceptive thresholds and ketamine serum concentrations were measured before drug administration, and at 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120, 140 and 160 min after the start of infusion. Results: Maximum concentration recorded was 435.34 ± 26.18 ng/mL, 582.34 ± 227.46 ng/mL and 733.77 ± 133.6 ng/mL for K30, KL30 and K50, respectively. The concentration at 120 min was 250.87 ± 39.87, 221.73 ± 91.03 and 343.67 ± 63.21 ng/mL at 120 min in K30, KL30 and K50, respectively. All the three infusion regimes maintained serum concentrations above 200 ng/mL. The thresholds returned towards baseline values within 20 min, after cessation of infusion. Conclusion: Serum concentration to produce mechanical antinociceptive effects in dogs is between 100 and 200 ng/mL. All the three infusion regimes in this study provided antinociceptive effects throughout the infusions. In this study, we found that the serum concentration of ketamine to produce mechanical antinociceptive effects in dogs is above 200 ng/mL. All three infusion regimes provided antinociceptive effects throughout the infusions without causing harmful effects. Further studies are recommended in a clinical setting.
format Article
author Kaka, Ubedullah
Saifullah, Bullo
Abubakar, Adamu Abdul
Goh, Yong Meng
Fakurazi, Sharida
Kaka, Asmatullah
Behan, Atique Ahmed
Ebrahimi, Mahdi
spellingShingle Kaka, Ubedullah
Saifullah, Bullo
Abubakar, Adamu Abdul
Goh, Yong Meng
Fakurazi, Sharida
Kaka, Asmatullah
Behan, Atique Ahmed
Ebrahimi, Mahdi
Serum concentration of ketamine and antinociceptive effects of ketamine and ketamine-lidocaine infusions in conscious dogs
author_facet Kaka, Ubedullah
Saifullah, Bullo
Abubakar, Adamu Abdul
Goh, Yong Meng
Fakurazi, Sharida
Kaka, Asmatullah
Behan, Atique Ahmed
Ebrahimi, Mahdi
author_sort Kaka, Ubedullah
title Serum concentration of ketamine and antinociceptive effects of ketamine and ketamine-lidocaine infusions in conscious dogs
title_short Serum concentration of ketamine and antinociceptive effects of ketamine and ketamine-lidocaine infusions in conscious dogs
title_full Serum concentration of ketamine and antinociceptive effects of ketamine and ketamine-lidocaine infusions in conscious dogs
title_fullStr Serum concentration of ketamine and antinociceptive effects of ketamine and ketamine-lidocaine infusions in conscious dogs
title_full_unstemmed Serum concentration of ketamine and antinociceptive effects of ketamine and ketamine-lidocaine infusions in conscious dogs
title_sort serum concentration of ketamine and antinociceptive effects of ketamine and ketamine-lidocaine infusions in conscious dogs
publisher BioMed Central
publishDate 2016
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/53800/1/Serum%20concentration%20of%20ketamine%20and.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/53800/
https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-016-0815-4
_version_ 1643835490081701888
score 13.211869

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