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Effect of microwave sintering on microstructure development of barium hexaferrite using sol-gel technique

Magnetic materials can be regarded now as being indispensable in modern technology. They are components of many electromechanical and electronic devices. Permanent magnet materials are essential in devices for storing energy in a static magnetic field. Hard magnetic materials are important electroni...

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Main Authors: Kanagesan, Samikannu, Hashim, Mansor, Thirunavukarasu, Kalaivani, Ismail, Ismayadi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information 2014
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/52190/1/Effect%20of%20microwave%20sintering%20on%20microstructure%20development%20of%20barium%20hexaferrite%20using%20sol-gel%20technique.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/52190/
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spelling my.upm.eprints.521902017-06-05T05:03:44Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/52190/ Effect of microwave sintering on microstructure development of barium hexaferrite using sol-gel technique Kanagesan, Samikannu Hashim, Mansor Thirunavukarasu, Kalaivani Ismail, Ismayadi Magnetic materials can be regarded now as being indispensable in modern technology. They are components of many electromechanical and electronic devices. Permanent magnet materials are essential in devices for storing energy in a static magnetic field. Hard magnetic materials are important electronic materials that have a wide range of industrial and commercial applications. Hexagonal Ferrites have the formula M (Fe12O19), where M is usually barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), or lead (Pb). The crystal structure is complex, but it can be described as hexagonal with a unique ‘c’ axis or vertical axis. This is the easy axis of magnetization in the basic structure. Because the direction of magnetization cannot be changed easily to another axis, hexagonal ferrites are referred to as hard. M-type Barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19), is of great importance as permanent magnets, particularly for magnetic recording as well as in microwave devices. Barium ferrite was synthesized by sol-gel from aqueous mixed solutions of ferric nitrate and barium nitrate and D-Fructose. The resultant products are investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), High resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). At the sintering temperature 1150°C, single phase of barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) dence ceramics were formed. Regarding the grain size, it can be seen that, the minimum particle size appeared at 1000°C, and the maximum size was found at 1150 °C, which most likely explained by the formation of the dense single phase of barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19). The SEM results showed that the grains were regular hexagonal platelets. In addition, saturation magnetization (51.88 Am2/kg) was observed at sintering temperature 1150°C, even sub micrometer grain size under the optimum condition. However, it was found that the coercivity (Hc) 5594.8 Oe of the sintered BaFe12O19 samples were lower than the theoretical values. Whose results indicate that they have well-formed crystalline phase of BaFe12O19 dense hexagonal platelet-like ceramics. American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information 2014 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/52190/1/Effect%20of%20microwave%20sintering%20on%20microstructure%20development%20of%20barium%20hexaferrite%20using%20sol-gel%20technique.pdf Kanagesan, Samikannu and Hashim, Mansor and Thirunavukarasu, Kalaivani and Ismail, Ismayadi (2014) Effect of microwave sintering on microstructure development of barium hexaferrite using sol-gel technique. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8 (13). pp. 607-610. ISSN 1991-8178 http://ajbasweb.com/old/ajbas_August_2014.html
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description Magnetic materials can be regarded now as being indispensable in modern technology. They are components of many electromechanical and electronic devices. Permanent magnet materials are essential in devices for storing energy in a static magnetic field. Hard magnetic materials are important electronic materials that have a wide range of industrial and commercial applications. Hexagonal Ferrites have the formula M (Fe12O19), where M is usually barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), or lead (Pb). The crystal structure is complex, but it can be described as hexagonal with a unique ‘c’ axis or vertical axis. This is the easy axis of magnetization in the basic structure. Because the direction of magnetization cannot be changed easily to another axis, hexagonal ferrites are referred to as hard. M-type Barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19), is of great importance as permanent magnets, particularly for magnetic recording as well as in microwave devices. Barium ferrite was synthesized by sol-gel from aqueous mixed solutions of ferric nitrate and barium nitrate and D-Fructose. The resultant products are investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), High resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). At the sintering temperature 1150°C, single phase of barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) dence ceramics were formed. Regarding the grain size, it can be seen that, the minimum particle size appeared at 1000°C, and the maximum size was found at 1150 °C, which most likely explained by the formation of the dense single phase of barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19). The SEM results showed that the grains were regular hexagonal platelets. In addition, saturation magnetization (51.88 Am2/kg) was observed at sintering temperature 1150°C, even sub micrometer grain size under the optimum condition. However, it was found that the coercivity (Hc) 5594.8 Oe of the sintered BaFe12O19 samples were lower than the theoretical values. Whose results indicate that they have well-formed crystalline phase of BaFe12O19 dense hexagonal platelet-like ceramics.
format Article
author Kanagesan, Samikannu
Hashim, Mansor
Thirunavukarasu, Kalaivani
Ismail, Ismayadi
spellingShingle Kanagesan, Samikannu
Hashim, Mansor
Thirunavukarasu, Kalaivani
Ismail, Ismayadi
Effect of microwave sintering on microstructure development of barium hexaferrite using sol-gel technique
author_facet Kanagesan, Samikannu
Hashim, Mansor
Thirunavukarasu, Kalaivani
Ismail, Ismayadi
author_sort Kanagesan, Samikannu
title Effect of microwave sintering on microstructure development of barium hexaferrite using sol-gel technique
title_short Effect of microwave sintering on microstructure development of barium hexaferrite using sol-gel technique
title_full Effect of microwave sintering on microstructure development of barium hexaferrite using sol-gel technique
title_fullStr Effect of microwave sintering on microstructure development of barium hexaferrite using sol-gel technique
title_full_unstemmed Effect of microwave sintering on microstructure development of barium hexaferrite using sol-gel technique
title_sort effect of microwave sintering on microstructure development of barium hexaferrite using sol-gel technique
publisher American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information
publishDate 2014
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/52190/1/Effect%20of%20microwave%20sintering%20on%20microstructure%20development%20of%20barium%20hexaferrite%20using%20sol-gel%20technique.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/52190/
http://ajbasweb.com/old/ajbas_August_2014.html
_version_ 1643835175811940352
score 13.211869

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