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Effects of traditional games on age equivalent scores of locomotor and manipulative skills among early stage school children

Purpose: The development of gross motor skills are fundamental to advanced movements and specific skills in sports. Gross motor skills development that are in line with chronological age allows children to master locomotor and manipulative skills well through physical activities. This study aims to...

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Main Authors: Abdullah, Borhannudin, Amri, Saidon
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Human Resource Management Academic Research Society 2018
Online Access:http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/14457/1/14457.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/14457/
http://hrmars.com/index.php/journals/archive_detail/IJARBSS/229
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spelling my.upm.eprints.144572019-04-08T08:49:36Z http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/14457/ Effects of traditional games on age equivalent scores of locomotor and manipulative skills among early stage school children Abdullah, Borhannudin Amri, Saidon Purpose: The development of gross motor skills are fundamental to advanced movements and specific skills in sports. Gross motor skills development that are in line with chronological age allows children to master locomotor and manipulative skills well through physical activities. This study aims to determine the effect of physical activity (traditional games) to increase the level of age equivalent locomotor scores (AEL) and age equivalent manipulative scores (AEM) among FELDA’s school children. Methods: This study uses two different modules as the instruments to measure their level of age equivalent. The study involves two phases: (i) descriptive analysis to determine the level of age equivalents and (ii) MANOVA and MANCOVA analysis. Gross motor development data were determined using the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) obtained from video recordings of locomotor and manipulative skills. Findings: The findings of the first phase of the study showed significant delay among Year Three students by 2.13 years of age equivalent locomotors scores (AEL) as compared to Year One and Year Two students who showed delay in their age equivalent manipulative scores (AEM) by 2.62 years. MANOVA analysis showed a significant difference in the mean GMDQ for pretest [ F ( 3.60 ) = 3:39 ; p <0.05 , R2 = .145 ] and post-test [ F ( 3.60 ) = 40.28 : p <0.01 , R2 = .668 ] between control and treatment groups. Furthermore, F univariate analysis showed significant differences for the three dependent variables during the post-test on their GMDQ [ F ( 1,62 ) = 116.16 ; p <0.001 , R2 = .65 ] , AEL [ F ( 1,62 ) = 36.53 ; p < 0.001 , R2 = .37 ] , and AEM [ F ( 1,62 ) = 48.76 : p <0.001 , R2 = .44 ]. MANCOVA analysis showed a significant difference for mean of gross motor development [F(4,58) = 29.80; p<0.001, eta squared = 0.673] for both groups even though the pre-test scores were controlled. The researchers deduced that Traditional Games explained 67.3% variance in the mean for gross motor development. Conclusion: Intervention programs that utilise traditional games can improve the age equivalent locomotors scores (AEL) and age equivalent manipulative scores (AEM) among Felda school children. Human Resource Management Academic Research Society 2018 Article PeerReviewed text en http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/14457/1/14457.pdf Abdullah, Borhannudin and Amri, Saidon (2018) Effects of traditional games on age equivalent scores of locomotor and manipulative skills among early stage school children. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8 (12). pp. 134-145. ISSN 2222-6990 http://hrmars.com/index.php/journals/archive_detail/IJARBSS/229 10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i12/5001
institution Universiti Putra Malaysia
building UPM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Putra Malaysia
content_source UPM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://psasir.upm.edu.my/
language English
description Purpose: The development of gross motor skills are fundamental to advanced movements and specific skills in sports. Gross motor skills development that are in line with chronological age allows children to master locomotor and manipulative skills well through physical activities. This study aims to determine the effect of physical activity (traditional games) to increase the level of age equivalent locomotor scores (AEL) and age equivalent manipulative scores (AEM) among FELDA’s school children. Methods: This study uses two different modules as the instruments to measure their level of age equivalent. The study involves two phases: (i) descriptive analysis to determine the level of age equivalents and (ii) MANOVA and MANCOVA analysis. Gross motor development data were determined using the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) obtained from video recordings of locomotor and manipulative skills. Findings: The findings of the first phase of the study showed significant delay among Year Three students by 2.13 years of age equivalent locomotors scores (AEL) as compared to Year One and Year Two students who showed delay in their age equivalent manipulative scores (AEM) by 2.62 years. MANOVA analysis showed a significant difference in the mean GMDQ for pretest [ F ( 3.60 ) = 3:39 ; p <0.05 , R2 = .145 ] and post-test [ F ( 3.60 ) = 40.28 : p <0.01 , R2 = .668 ] between control and treatment groups. Furthermore, F univariate analysis showed significant differences for the three dependent variables during the post-test on their GMDQ [ F ( 1,62 ) = 116.16 ; p <0.001 , R2 = .65 ] , AEL [ F ( 1,62 ) = 36.53 ; p < 0.001 , R2 = .37 ] , and AEM [ F ( 1,62 ) = 48.76 : p <0.001 , R2 = .44 ]. MANCOVA analysis showed a significant difference for mean of gross motor development [F(4,58) = 29.80; p<0.001, eta squared = 0.673] for both groups even though the pre-test scores were controlled. The researchers deduced that Traditional Games explained 67.3% variance in the mean for gross motor development. Conclusion: Intervention programs that utilise traditional games can improve the age equivalent locomotors scores (AEL) and age equivalent manipulative scores (AEM) among Felda school children.
format Article
author Abdullah, Borhannudin
Amri, Saidon
spellingShingle Abdullah, Borhannudin
Amri, Saidon
Effects of traditional games on age equivalent scores of locomotor and manipulative skills among early stage school children
author_facet Abdullah, Borhannudin
Amri, Saidon
author_sort Abdullah, Borhannudin
title Effects of traditional games on age equivalent scores of locomotor and manipulative skills among early stage school children
title_short Effects of traditional games on age equivalent scores of locomotor and manipulative skills among early stage school children
title_full Effects of traditional games on age equivalent scores of locomotor and manipulative skills among early stage school children
title_fullStr Effects of traditional games on age equivalent scores of locomotor and manipulative skills among early stage school children
title_full_unstemmed Effects of traditional games on age equivalent scores of locomotor and manipulative skills among early stage school children
title_sort effects of traditional games on age equivalent scores of locomotor and manipulative skills among early stage school children
publisher Human Resource Management Academic Research Society
publishDate 2018
url http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/14457/1/14457.pdf
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/14457/
http://hrmars.com/index.php/journals/archive_detail/IJARBSS/229
_version_ 1643825637726617600
score 13.211869

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