Investigation of waste-derived and low-cost calcium oxide-based catalysts in co-pyrolysis of EFB-HDPE to produce high quality bio-oil
This study evaluated and compared the bio-oil yield produced from the co-pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch (EFB) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) feedstock using four calcium oxide (CaO)-based catalysts. Three catalysts were derived from waste sources, namely, clamshell (CS), eggshell (ES), and chi...
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my.uniten.dspace-370972025-03-03T15:47:27Z Investigation of waste-derived and low-cost calcium oxide-based catalysts in co-pyrolysis of EFB-HDPE to produce high quality bio-oil Hakim K.A.K.M. Tan E.S. Habib S.H. Hafriz R.S.R.M. Salmiaton A. 55946314000 16425096800 56131983000 57204588040 57193906995 Chemical reactors Costs Crystallinity Energy dispersive spectroscopy Feedstocks Flow of gases Fluid catalytic cracking Fluidized beds Fruits Gas chromatography High density polyethylenes Lime Mass spectrometry Organic carbon Particle size Scanning electron microscopy X ray diffraction Bio-oil yield Bio-oils Calcium oxide catalyst Copyrolysis Empty fruit bunches High-density polyethylenes Low cost catalysts Oxides catalysts Waste and low-cost catalyst ]+ catalyst Catalysts This study evaluated and compared the bio-oil yield produced from the co-pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch (EFB) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) feedstock using four calcium oxide (CaO)-based catalysts. Three catalysts were derived from waste sources, namely, clamshell (CS), eggshell (ES), and chicken bone (CB), whereas Malaysia dolomite (MD) was extracted from limestone. Pure CaO catalyst served as a control experiment for comparison purposes. Surface area (BET), particle size (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) examinations were used to compare all catalysts. BET and PSA demonstrated that waste-derived catalysts (CS, CB, ES) have the properties required for co-pyrolysis to produce good yield and quality of bio-oil, whilst XRD and SEM/EDX revealed the existence of CaO compound in each of the catalysts. The co-pyrolysis of EFB-HDPE was performed under controlled conditions in a fluidized-bed reactor. All co-pyrolysis parameters such as catalyst loading, feedstock loading, gas flow, and temperature were fixed for all reactions. The study explored the effect of each catalyst on the catalytic cracking of EFB-HDPE through the bio-oil yield and hydrocarbon composition from the reaction. The chemical composition of the bio-oil samples was analyzed by gas chromatography?mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, whereas the bio-oil yield was calculated using mass-balance equation. The maximum oil yield was 26.07 wt% for ES, whereas pure CaO generated a 52.39% hydrocarbon composition, the highest among all catalysts, followed by ES. ? 2024 Elsevier B.V. Final 2025-03-03T07:47:27Z 2025-03-03T07:47:27Z 2024 Article 10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106375 2-s2.0-85185476285 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85185476285&doi=10.1016%2fj.jaap.2024.106375&partnerID=40&md5=00db9c33115789acbcae58f0cef96532 https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/37097 177 106375 Elsevier B.V. Scopus |
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Chemical reactors Costs Crystallinity Energy dispersive spectroscopy Feedstocks Flow of gases Fluid catalytic cracking Fluidized beds Fruits Gas chromatography High density polyethylenes Lime Mass spectrometry Organic carbon Particle size Scanning electron microscopy X ray diffraction Bio-oil yield Bio-oils Calcium oxide catalyst Copyrolysis Empty fruit bunches High-density polyethylenes Low cost catalysts Oxides catalysts Waste and low-cost catalyst ]+ catalyst Catalysts |
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Chemical reactors Costs Crystallinity Energy dispersive spectroscopy Feedstocks Flow of gases Fluid catalytic cracking Fluidized beds Fruits Gas chromatography High density polyethylenes Lime Mass spectrometry Organic carbon Particle size Scanning electron microscopy X ray diffraction Bio-oil yield Bio-oils Calcium oxide catalyst Copyrolysis Empty fruit bunches High-density polyethylenes Low cost catalysts Oxides catalysts Waste and low-cost catalyst ]+ catalyst Catalysts Hakim K.A.K.M. Tan E.S. Habib S.H. Hafriz R.S.R.M. Salmiaton A. Investigation of waste-derived and low-cost calcium oxide-based catalysts in co-pyrolysis of EFB-HDPE to produce high quality bio-oil |
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This study evaluated and compared the bio-oil yield produced from the co-pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch (EFB) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) feedstock using four calcium oxide (CaO)-based catalysts. Three catalysts were derived from waste sources, namely, clamshell (CS), eggshell (ES), and chicken bone (CB), whereas Malaysia dolomite (MD) was extracted from limestone. Pure CaO catalyst served as a control experiment for comparison purposes. Surface area (BET), particle size (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) examinations were used to compare all catalysts. BET and PSA demonstrated that waste-derived catalysts (CS, CB, ES) have the properties required for co-pyrolysis to produce good yield and quality of bio-oil, whilst XRD and SEM/EDX revealed the existence of CaO compound in each of the catalysts. The co-pyrolysis of EFB-HDPE was performed under controlled conditions in a fluidized-bed reactor. All co-pyrolysis parameters such as catalyst loading, feedstock loading, gas flow, and temperature were fixed for all reactions. The study explored the effect of each catalyst on the catalytic cracking of EFB-HDPE through the bio-oil yield and hydrocarbon composition from the reaction. The chemical composition of the bio-oil samples was analyzed by gas chromatography?mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, whereas the bio-oil yield was calculated using mass-balance equation. The maximum oil yield was 26.07 wt% for ES, whereas pure CaO generated a 52.39% hydrocarbon composition, the highest among all catalysts, followed by ES. ? 2024 Elsevier B.V. |
| author2 |
55946314000 |
| author_facet |
55946314000 Hakim K.A.K.M. Tan E.S. Habib S.H. Hafriz R.S.R.M. Salmiaton A. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Hakim K.A.K.M. Tan E.S. Habib S.H. Hafriz R.S.R.M. Salmiaton A. |
| author_sort |
Hakim K.A.K.M. |
| title |
Investigation of waste-derived and low-cost calcium oxide-based catalysts in co-pyrolysis of EFB-HDPE to produce high quality bio-oil |
| title_short |
Investigation of waste-derived and low-cost calcium oxide-based catalysts in co-pyrolysis of EFB-HDPE to produce high quality bio-oil |
| title_full |
Investigation of waste-derived and low-cost calcium oxide-based catalysts in co-pyrolysis of EFB-HDPE to produce high quality bio-oil |
| title_fullStr |
Investigation of waste-derived and low-cost calcium oxide-based catalysts in co-pyrolysis of EFB-HDPE to produce high quality bio-oil |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Investigation of waste-derived and low-cost calcium oxide-based catalysts in co-pyrolysis of EFB-HDPE to produce high quality bio-oil |
| title_sort |
investigation of waste-derived and low-cost calcium oxide-based catalysts in co-pyrolysis of efb-hdpe to produce high quality bio-oil |
| publisher |
Elsevier B.V. |
| publishDate |
2025 |
| _version_ |
1825816042664886272 |
| score |
13.244109 |