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Pre-Treatments Effect on Pepper Drying Time and Microstructure

. The traditional pepper drying process takes 4 to 5 days, although it can take longer on wet day. This paper presented a study on the effects of two pre-treatment methods to the improvement of drying rate of black pepper production. Boiling and chilling were used to pre-treat two samples of peppe...

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Main Authors:	Ana Sakura, Zainal Abidin, Melissa Michelle, Rolland, Sinin, Hamdan, Rasli, Muslimen, Shirley, Jonathan Tanjong, Raudhah, Ahmadi, Shahrol, Mohamaddan, Annisa, Jamali
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	AIP Publishing 2023
Subjects:	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
Online Access:	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/41800/1/Pre-Treatments.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/41800/ https://pubs.aip.org/aip/acp/article/2643/1/050043/2873141/Pre-treatments-effect-on-pepper-drying-time-and https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0110455
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id	my.unimas.ir.41800
record_format	eprints
spelling	my.unimas.ir.418002023-05-10T02:43:22Z http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/41800/ Pre-Treatments Effect on Pepper Drying Time and Microstructure Ana Sakura, Zainal Abidin Melissa Michelle, Rolland Sinin, Hamdan Rasli, Muslimen Shirley, Jonathan Tanjong Raudhah, Ahmadi Shahrol, Mohamaddan Annisa, Jamali TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery . The traditional pepper drying process takes 4 to 5 days, although it can take longer on wet day. This paper presented a study on the effects of two pre-treatment methods to the improvement of drying rate of black pepper production. Boiling and chilling were used to pre-treat two samples of pepper berries respectively. To avoid microbial infections, the samples must be dried quickly after pre-treatment. Each sample was then spun in a rotary drum drier at a predetermined temperature to achieve this. The weight of the sample was recorded at regular interval until it reached moisture content of 12%. The physical and chemical characteristics of each sample were also checked using Fourier Transform Near Infrared (FT-NIR). The surface morphology of the skin and core of the samples were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). When compared to untreated samples, pre-treated samples took less time to dry. The dried core of the pre-treated samples revealed less damaged than the untreated sample when microstructural alterations were seen using SEM. This study found that pre-treating pepper berries before drying reduced drying time from 8 hours to 2½ hours (based on untreated sample). The moisture percentage of dried pre-treated samples was similarly within the acceptable range. Thus, the application of rotary drum dryer to dry the pre-treated pepper is the novelty to this research. AIP Publishing 2023 Article PeerReviewed text en http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/41800/1/Pre-Treatments.pdf Ana Sakura, Zainal Abidin and Melissa Michelle, Rolland and Sinin, Hamdan and Rasli, Muslimen and Shirley, Jonathan Tanjong and Raudhah, Ahmadi and Shahrol, Mohamaddan and Annisa, Jamali (2023) Pre-Treatments Effect on Pepper Drying Time and Microstructure. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2643 (1). pp. 1-9. ISSN 1551-7616 https://pubs.aip.org/aip/acp/article/2643/1/050043/2873141/Pre-treatments-effect-on-pepper-drying-time-and https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0110455
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
building	Centre for Academic Information Services (CAIS)
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
content_source	UNIMAS Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://ir.unimas.my/
language	English
topic	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
spellingShingle	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Ana Sakura, Zainal Abidin Melissa Michelle, Rolland Sinin, Hamdan Rasli, Muslimen Shirley, Jonathan Tanjong Raudhah, Ahmadi Shahrol, Mohamaddan Annisa, Jamali Pre-Treatments Effect on Pepper Drying Time and Microstructure
description	. The traditional pepper drying process takes 4 to 5 days, although it can take longer on wet day. This paper presented a study on the effects of two pre-treatment methods to the improvement of drying rate of black pepper production. Boiling and chilling were used to pre-treat two samples of pepper berries respectively. To avoid microbial infections, the samples must be dried quickly after pre-treatment. Each sample was then spun in a rotary drum drier at a predetermined temperature to achieve this. The weight of the sample was recorded at regular interval until it reached moisture content of 12%. The physical and chemical characteristics of each sample were also checked using Fourier Transform Near Infrared (FT-NIR). The surface morphology of the skin and core of the samples were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). When compared to untreated samples, pre-treated samples took less time to dry. The dried core of the pre-treated samples revealed less damaged than the untreated sample when microstructural alterations were seen using SEM. This study found that pre-treating pepper berries before drying reduced drying time from 8 hours to 2½ hours (based on untreated sample). The moisture percentage of dried pre-treated samples was similarly within the acceptable range. Thus, the application of rotary drum dryer to dry the pre-treated pepper is the novelty to this research.
format	Article
author	Ana Sakura, Zainal Abidin Melissa Michelle, Rolland Sinin, Hamdan Rasli, Muslimen Shirley, Jonathan Tanjong Raudhah, Ahmadi Shahrol, Mohamaddan Annisa, Jamali
author_facet	Ana Sakura, Zainal Abidin Melissa Michelle, Rolland Sinin, Hamdan Rasli, Muslimen Shirley, Jonathan Tanjong Raudhah, Ahmadi Shahrol, Mohamaddan Annisa, Jamali
author_sort	Ana Sakura, Zainal Abidin
title	Pre-Treatments Effect on Pepper Drying Time and Microstructure
title_short	Pre-Treatments Effect on Pepper Drying Time and Microstructure
title_full	Pre-Treatments Effect on Pepper Drying Time and Microstructure
title_fullStr	Pre-Treatments Effect on Pepper Drying Time and Microstructure
title_full_unstemmed	Pre-Treatments Effect on Pepper Drying Time and Microstructure
title_sort	pre-treatments effect on pepper drying time and microstructure
publisher	AIP Publishing
publishDate	2023
url	http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/41800/1/Pre-Treatments.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/41800/ https://pubs.aip.org/aip/acp/article/2643/1/050043/2873141/Pre-treatments-effect-on-pepper-drying-time-and https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0110455
_version_	1767209875223347200
score	13.211869

Pre-Treatments Effect on Pepper Drying Time and Microstructure

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