Pre-Treatments Effect on Pepper Drying Time and Microstructure
. The traditional pepper drying process takes 4 to 5 days, although it can take longer on wet day. This paper presented a study on the effects of two pre-treatment methods to the improvement of drying rate of black pepper production. Boiling and chilling were used to pre-treat two samples of peppe...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
AIP Publishing
2023
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/41800/1/Pre-Treatments.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/41800/ https://pubs.aip.org/aip/acp/article/2643/1/050043/2873141/Pre-treatments-effect-on-pepper-drying-time-and https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0110455 |
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| Summary: | . The traditional pepper drying process takes 4 to 5 days, although it can take longer on wet day. This paper
presented a study on the effects of two pre-treatment methods to the improvement of drying rate of black pepper production.
Boiling and chilling were used to pre-treat two samples of pepper berries respectively. To avoid microbial infections, the samples must be dried quickly after pre-treatment. Each sample was then spun in a rotary drum drier at a predetermined temperature to achieve this. The weight of the sample was recorded at regular interval until it reached moisture content of 12%. The physical and chemical characteristics of each sample were also checked using Fourier Transform Near Infrared (FT-NIR). The surface morphology of the skin and core of the samples were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). When compared to untreated samples, pre-treated samples took less time to dry. The dried core of the pre-treated samples revealed less damaged than the untreated sample when microstructural alterations were seen using SEM. This study found that pre-treating pepper berries before drying reduced drying time from 8 hours to 2½ hours (based on untreated sample). The moisture percentage of dried pre-treated samples was similarly within the acceptable range. Thus, the
application of rotary drum dryer to dry the pre-treated pepper is the novelty to this research. |
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