Asian arowana, scleropages formosus aquaculture in Sarawak: early life cycle and genetic diversity in captivity
Asian arowana, Scleropages formosus or locally known as ‘ikan Kelisa’ is one of Malaysia potential resource. Asian arowana is native to Southeast Asia and it fetches extremely high price in ornamental fish industry. Due to unsustainable management and habitat deterioration they became rare and po...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, (UNIMAS)
2015
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| Online Access: | http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/10804/8/M%20Khairulazman.pdf http://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/10804/ |
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| Summary: | Asian arowana, Scleropages formosus or locally known as ‘ikan Kelisa’ is one of Malaysia
potential resource. Asian arowana is native to Southeast Asia and it fetches extremely high
price in ornamental fish industry. Due to unsustainable management and habitat deterioration
they became rare and possibly extinct in their natural habitat. Hence, they are listed in
Appendix I in Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Flora (CITES) and listed as ‘Endangered’ species in the International Union for Conservation
of Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species under species name
Scleropages formosus. This study is designed to document the baseline data regarding the
water quality of Asian arowana culture in earthen ponds, breeding behaviour of Asian
arowana, artificial incubation of Asian arowana eggs and to discover genetic diversity of
Asian arowana in captivity and phylogeny among colour varieties of Asian arowana. Weekly
monitoring of in-situ ambience water quality had revealed pond water temperature, turbidity
and hardness might influence the mating behaviour of Asian arowana. Spawning behaviour
starts with pairing of one male and one female, swimming side by side in a precise manner
followed by swimming into deeper parts of the ponds possibly for mating. In this study,
custom-made incubators were also tested. Incubator A, which produce eggs movement rate up
to 0.8 cm/s, has shown potential as incubator for arowana eggs with 95% survival rate.
Meanwhile, 16S rRNA gene sequence were obtained from Asian arowana in this study
revealed that sequence data matched 99% identical to S. formosus, Red arowana (GenBank
accession number: JN984803.1). In addition, analysis also concluded that Golden Arowana
from Bukit Merah and Bau farm has 0.2% genetic diversity which indicates high similarity in
genetic composition. Besides, Asian arowana from Bau farm has greater genetic diversity
(0.4%) from Bukit Merah (0.0%). Meanwhile, phylogenetic analysis shows that genus Scleropages were monophyletic and low genetic divergence was detected among each colour
variants of S. formosus (<2%) indicates intra-specific variation of the species regardless of its
colour variety. This finding challenges the proposed classification of Asian arowana based on
its colour variety. |
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