The development and assessment of modified fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence scale among Malaysian single electronic cigarette users
Background: The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) is the most widely used scale for assessing nicotine dependence on conventional tobacco cigarettes (TCGs). But the FTND does not evaluate the subject’s nicotine dependence to electronic cigarette (EC). Objective: The aim of this study wa...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2020
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/31013/1/The%20development%20and%20assessment%20of%20modified%20fagerstrom%20test%20.pdf http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/31013/ https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_245_19 https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_245_19 |
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