The development and assessment of modified Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence scale among Malaysian singe electronic cigarette users
Background: The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) is the most widely used scale for assessing nicotine dependence on conventional tobacco cigarettes (TCGs). But the FTND does not evaluate the subject’s nicotine dependence to electronic cigarette (EC). Objective: The aim of this study wa...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow
2020
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/85201/1/Aziz-2020%20eFTND.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/85201/ https://www.jpbsonline.org/ |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|