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Microwave-assisted extraction of lipid and eicosapentaenoic acid from the microalga Nanochloropsis sp. using imidazolium-based ionic liquids as an additive in water

This study employed 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride (EMIM]Cl]) as an additive in an aqueous medium, combined with microwave-assisted extraction (IL-MAE), to extract total lipids and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from the microalga Nannochloropsis sp. microalgae. The optimization process involved...

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Main Authors: Motlagh, Shiva Rezaei, Khezri, Ramin, Etesami, Mohammad, Chee, Ching Yern, Kheawhom, Soorathep, Nootong, Kasidit, Harun, Razif
Format: Article
Published: Springer Verlag 2024
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TP Chemical technology
Online Access:http://eprints.um.edu.my/46995/
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-024-03244-8
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spelling my.um.eprints.469952025-01-09T02:22:04Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/46995/ Microwave-assisted extraction of lipid and eicosapentaenoic acid from the microalga Nanochloropsis sp. using imidazolium-based ionic liquids as an additive in water Motlagh, Shiva Rezaei Khezri, Ramin Etesami, Mohammad Chee, Ching Yern Kheawhom, Soorathep Nootong, Kasidit Harun, Razif TP Chemical technology This study employed 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride (EMIM]Cl]) as an additive in an aqueous medium, combined with microwave-assisted extraction (IL-MAE), to extract total lipids and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from the microalga Nannochloropsis sp. microalgae. The optimization process involved evaluating critical operating parameters, including the type of extraction solvent, solid-loading (i.e., water: microalgae ratio), extraction time, extraction temperature, and the IL/biomass ratio on the extraction of total lipids and as well as its EPA content. Under optimal conditions, IL-MAE significantly enhanced total lipid yield and EPA content by approximately 2.72 times and 8.1 times, respectively, compared to the traditional Soxhlet extraction. The standard Soxhlet procedure resulted in approximately 6.20% total lipids and 4.61 mg g(-1) of EPA. Notably, with IL-MAE, the highest lipid and EPA yields were achieved. These reached 16.87% and 37.28 mg g(-1), respectively, under optimal conditions: 90 degrees C for 25 min, using 2 w/w IL/biomass ratio, with 0.5 g of algae and a 3.3% w/v solid-loading. The obtained FAMEs through transesterification of total lipids exhibited high quality, comprising 37.94% wt polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). SEM and FTIR confirmed IL-MAE's superior lipid extraction by disrupting glycosidic linkages in the microalgal cell wall, resulting in a significantly higher yield than Soxhlet extraction. Repeated use of recycled EMIM]Cl], tested up to four times, did not impact lipid and fatty acids recovery. Cost evaluation revealed that the IL-MAE approach for lipid production from Nannochloropsis sp. is more cost-efficient than the Soxhlet method, considering biomass, chemical and energy consumption. The enhanced extraction performance and accelerated rates of the IL-MAE system demonstrate its efficacy in extracting lipids, EPAs, and PUFAs from microalgae. Furthermore, it emphasizes sustainable, green, and efficient approach for extracting bioactive compounds, offering potential applications in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Springer Verlag 2024-08 Article PeerReviewed Motlagh, Shiva Rezaei and Khezri, Ramin and Etesami, Mohammad and Chee, Ching Yern and Kheawhom, Soorathep and Nootong, Kasidit and Harun, Razif (2024) Microwave-assisted extraction of lipid and eicosapentaenoic acid from the microalga Nanochloropsis sp. using imidazolium-based ionic liquids as an additive in water. Journal of Applied Phycology, 36 (4). pp. 1709-1724. ISSN 0921-8971, DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-024-03244-8 <https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-024-03244-8>. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-024-03244-8 10.1007/s10811-024-03244-8
institution Universiti Malaya
building UM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Malaya
content_source UM Research Repository
url_provider http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle TP Chemical technology
Motlagh, Shiva Rezaei
Khezri, Ramin
Etesami, Mohammad
Chee, Ching Yern
Kheawhom, Soorathep
Nootong, Kasidit
Harun, Razif
Microwave-assisted extraction of lipid and eicosapentaenoic acid from the microalga Nanochloropsis sp. using imidazolium-based ionic liquids as an additive in water
description This study employed 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride (EMIM]Cl]) as an additive in an aqueous medium, combined with microwave-assisted extraction (IL-MAE), to extract total lipids and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from the microalga Nannochloropsis sp. microalgae. The optimization process involved evaluating critical operating parameters, including the type of extraction solvent, solid-loading (i.e., water: microalgae ratio), extraction time, extraction temperature, and the IL/biomass ratio on the extraction of total lipids and as well as its EPA content. Under optimal conditions, IL-MAE significantly enhanced total lipid yield and EPA content by approximately 2.72 times and 8.1 times, respectively, compared to the traditional Soxhlet extraction. The standard Soxhlet procedure resulted in approximately 6.20% total lipids and 4.61 mg g(-1) of EPA. Notably, with IL-MAE, the highest lipid and EPA yields were achieved. These reached 16.87% and 37.28 mg g(-1), respectively, under optimal conditions: 90 degrees C for 25 min, using 2 w/w IL/biomass ratio, with 0.5 g of algae and a 3.3% w/v solid-loading. The obtained FAMEs through transesterification of total lipids exhibited high quality, comprising 37.94% wt polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). SEM and FTIR confirmed IL-MAE's superior lipid extraction by disrupting glycosidic linkages in the microalgal cell wall, resulting in a significantly higher yield than Soxhlet extraction. Repeated use of recycled EMIM]Cl], tested up to four times, did not impact lipid and fatty acids recovery. Cost evaluation revealed that the IL-MAE approach for lipid production from Nannochloropsis sp. is more cost-efficient than the Soxhlet method, considering biomass, chemical and energy consumption. The enhanced extraction performance and accelerated rates of the IL-MAE system demonstrate its efficacy in extracting lipids, EPAs, and PUFAs from microalgae. Furthermore, it emphasizes sustainable, green, and efficient approach for extracting bioactive compounds, offering potential applications in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.
format Article
author Motlagh, Shiva Rezaei
Khezri, Ramin
Etesami, Mohammad
Chee, Ching Yern
Kheawhom, Soorathep
Nootong, Kasidit
Harun, Razif
author_facet Motlagh, Shiva Rezaei
Khezri, Ramin
Etesami, Mohammad
Chee, Ching Yern
Kheawhom, Soorathep
Nootong, Kasidit
Harun, Razif
author_sort Motlagh, Shiva Rezaei
title Microwave-assisted extraction of lipid and eicosapentaenoic acid from the microalga Nanochloropsis sp. using imidazolium-based ionic liquids as an additive in water
title_short Microwave-assisted extraction of lipid and eicosapentaenoic acid from the microalga Nanochloropsis sp. using imidazolium-based ionic liquids as an additive in water
title_full Microwave-assisted extraction of lipid and eicosapentaenoic acid from the microalga Nanochloropsis sp. using imidazolium-based ionic liquids as an additive in water
title_fullStr Microwave-assisted extraction of lipid and eicosapentaenoic acid from the microalga Nanochloropsis sp. using imidazolium-based ionic liquids as an additive in water
title_full_unstemmed Microwave-assisted extraction of lipid and eicosapentaenoic acid from the microalga Nanochloropsis sp. using imidazolium-based ionic liquids as an additive in water
title_sort microwave-assisted extraction of lipid and eicosapentaenoic acid from the microalga nanochloropsis sp. using imidazolium-based ionic liquids as an additive in water
publisher Springer Verlag
publishDate 2024
url http://eprints.um.edu.my/46995/
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-024-03244-8
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score 13.22586

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