Staff View: T-Cell Exhaustion in Chronic Infections: Reversing the State of Exhaustion and Reinvigorating Optimal Protective Immune Responses

T-Cell Exhaustion in Chronic Infections: Reversing the State of Exhaustion and Reinvigorating Optimal Protective Immune Responses

T-cell exhaustion is a phenomenon of dysfunction or physical elimination of antigen-specific T cells reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections as well as cancer. Exhaustion appears to be often restricted to CD8+ T cells responses...

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Main Authors:	Saeidi, Alireza, Zandi, Keivan, Cheok, Yi Ying, Saeidi, Hamidreza, Wong, Won Fen, Lee, Chalystha Yie Qin, Cheong, Heng Choon, Yong, Yean Kong, Larsson, Marie, Shankar, Esaki Muthu
Format:	Article
Published:	Frontiers Media 2018
Subjects:	R Medicine
Online Access:	http://eprints.um.edu.my/20831/ https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02569
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id	my.um.eprints.20831
record_format	eprints
spelling	my.um.eprints.208312019-04-08T06:37:45Z http://eprints.um.edu.my/20831/ T-Cell Exhaustion in Chronic Infections: Reversing the State of Exhaustion and Reinvigorating Optimal Protective Immune Responses Saeidi, Alireza Zandi, Keivan Cheok, Yi Ying Saeidi, Hamidreza Wong, Won Fen Lee, Chalystha Yie Qin Cheong, Heng Choon Yong, Yean Kong Larsson, Marie Shankar, Esaki Muthu R Medicine T-cell exhaustion is a phenomenon of dysfunction or physical elimination of antigen-specific T cells reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections as well as cancer. Exhaustion appears to be often restricted to CD8+ T cells responses in the literature, although CD4+ T cells have also been reported to be functionally exhausted in certain chronic infections. Although our understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the transcriptional regulation of T-cell exhaustion is advancing, it is imperative to also explore the central mechanisms that control the altered expression patterns. Targeting metabolic dysfunctions with mitochondrion-targeted antioxidants are also expected to improve the antiviral functions of exhausted virus-specific CD8+ T cells. In addition, it is crucial to consider the contributions of mitochondrial biogenesis on T-cell exhaustion and how mitochondrial metabolism of T cells could be targeted whilst treating chronic viral infections. Here, we review the current understanding of cardinal features of T-cell exhaustion in chronic infections, and have attempted to focus on recent discoveries, potential strategies to reverse exhaustion and reinvigorate optimal protective immune responses in the host. Frontiers Media 2018 Article PeerReviewed Saeidi, Alireza and Zandi, Keivan and Cheok, Yi Ying and Saeidi, Hamidreza and Wong, Won Fen and Lee, Chalystha Yie Qin and Cheong, Heng Choon and Yong, Yean Kong and Larsson, Marie and Shankar, Esaki Muthu (2018) T-Cell Exhaustion in Chronic Infections: Reversing the State of Exhaustion and Reinvigorating Optimal Protective Immune Responses. Frontiers in Immunology, 9. 02569. ISSN 1664-3224 https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02569 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02569
institution	Universiti Malaya
building	UM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Malaya
content_source	UM Research Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.um.edu.my/
topic	R Medicine
spellingShingle	R Medicine Saeidi, Alireza Zandi, Keivan Cheok, Yi Ying Saeidi, Hamidreza Wong, Won Fen Lee, Chalystha Yie Qin Cheong, Heng Choon Yong, Yean Kong Larsson, Marie Shankar, Esaki Muthu T-Cell Exhaustion in Chronic Infections: Reversing the State of Exhaustion and Reinvigorating Optimal Protective Immune Responses
description	T-cell exhaustion is a phenomenon of dysfunction or physical elimination of antigen-specific T cells reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections as well as cancer. Exhaustion appears to be often restricted to CD8+ T cells responses in the literature, although CD4+ T cells have also been reported to be functionally exhausted in certain chronic infections. Although our understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the transcriptional regulation of T-cell exhaustion is advancing, it is imperative to also explore the central mechanisms that control the altered expression patterns. Targeting metabolic dysfunctions with mitochondrion-targeted antioxidants are also expected to improve the antiviral functions of exhausted virus-specific CD8+ T cells. In addition, it is crucial to consider the contributions of mitochondrial biogenesis on T-cell exhaustion and how mitochondrial metabolism of T cells could be targeted whilst treating chronic viral infections. Here, we review the current understanding of cardinal features of T-cell exhaustion in chronic infections, and have attempted to focus on recent discoveries, potential strategies to reverse exhaustion and reinvigorate optimal protective immune responses in the host.
format	Article
author	Saeidi, Alireza Zandi, Keivan Cheok, Yi Ying Saeidi, Hamidreza Wong, Won Fen Lee, Chalystha Yie Qin Cheong, Heng Choon Yong, Yean Kong Larsson, Marie Shankar, Esaki Muthu
author_facet	Saeidi, Alireza Zandi, Keivan Cheok, Yi Ying Saeidi, Hamidreza Wong, Won Fen Lee, Chalystha Yie Qin Cheong, Heng Choon Yong, Yean Kong Larsson, Marie Shankar, Esaki Muthu
author_sort	Saeidi, Alireza
title	T-Cell Exhaustion in Chronic Infections: Reversing the State of Exhaustion and Reinvigorating Optimal Protective Immune Responses
title_short	T-Cell Exhaustion in Chronic Infections: Reversing the State of Exhaustion and Reinvigorating Optimal Protective Immune Responses
title_full	T-Cell Exhaustion in Chronic Infections: Reversing the State of Exhaustion and Reinvigorating Optimal Protective Immune Responses
title_fullStr	T-Cell Exhaustion in Chronic Infections: Reversing the State of Exhaustion and Reinvigorating Optimal Protective Immune Responses
title_full_unstemmed	T-Cell Exhaustion in Chronic Infections: Reversing the State of Exhaustion and Reinvigorating Optimal Protective Immune Responses
title_sort	t-cell exhaustion in chronic infections: reversing the state of exhaustion and reinvigorating optimal protective immune responses
publisher	Frontiers Media
publishDate	2018
url	http://eprints.um.edu.my/20831/ https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02569
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score	13.211869

T-Cell Exhaustion in Chronic Infections: Reversing the State of Exhaustion and Reinvigorating Optimal Protective Immune Responses

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