The FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis (MVDA) for halal authentication of animal fatty acids
The authentication of halal products is crucial for adherents of Islam, as consuming nonpermissible substances contradicts religious mandates. The recent widespread adulteration of food and pharmaceutical products with porcine-derived ingredients has necessitated the development of robust analytic...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Malaysian Institute of Chemistry
2024
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/117077/13/117077_The%20FTIR-ATR%20spectroscopy.pdf http://irep.iium.edu.my/117077/ https://ikm.org.my/publications/malaysian-journal-of-chemistry/view-abstract.php?abs=J0053-8bfd8d9 https://doi.org/10.55373/mjchem.v26i6.184 |
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| Summary: | The authentication of halal products is crucial for adherents of Islam, as consuming nonpermissible substances contradicts religious mandates. The recent widespread adulteration of
food and pharmaceutical products with porcine-derived ingredients has necessitated the
development of robust analytical methods for halal verification. This study presents an approach
for rapid halal authentication using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total
reflectance (FTIR-ATR), combined with multivariate data analysis (MVDA). Animal fats, i.e.,
beef, chicken, pork (lard), and goat, and a plant-based oil, i.e., palm oil, were extracted via
Soxhlet apparatus utilising petroleum ether as solvent. The FTIR-ATR spectra were acquired in
the mid-infrared region (4000 – 650 cm-1
), encompassing both fingerprint and functional group
regions. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to identify unique spectral patterns
and develop classification models for halal authentication. The combination of FTIR-ATR and
MVDA techniques enables the identification of characteristic spectral features and developing
classification models for halal authentication. The PCA results revealed distinct clustering of
samples based on their origin, with total variance range of 74.75 – 98.79%, explained by the first
two principal components based on all wavenumbers in the 4000 – 650 cm-1 FTIR spectra. This
FTIR-ATR coupled with the MVDA approach offers a rapid, non-destructive, and cost-effective
method for halal authentication. The approach’s high sensitivity and specificity make it a
promising tool for regulatory bodies and food manufacturers to ensure compliance with halal
standards. |
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