Chapter 5: Betel Leaves (Piper betle L.) Powder: Production, Nutritional Quality, Physico-Chemical and Functional Properties
Betel (Piper betle L.) vines are cultivated for its nutrition and medicinal properties. Good as it is, betel leaves are highly perishable. Hence, it posses challenge in commercialisation of betel leaves. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of different drying conditions,...
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| Format: | Book Section |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
Nova Science Publishers
2018
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.unisza.edu.my/3854/1/FH05-FBIM-18-22051.pdf http://eprints.unisza.edu.my/3854/2/FH05-FBIM-18-22025.pdf http://eprints.unisza.edu.my/3854/ |
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| Summary: | Betel (Piper betle L.) vines are cultivated for its nutrition and medicinal properties. Good
as it is, betel leaves are highly perishable. Hence, it posses challenge in
commercialisation of betel leaves. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the
effect of different drying conditions, i.e., hot-air oven drying at 40 (HAD-40), 50 (HAD50), and 60°C (HAD-60) and freeze drying (FD), on the nutritional values, physical,
chemical, and functional properties of betel leaves powder. Hot-air oven drying at 60°C
was the most effective method to preserve the nutrients of dried betel leaves with
proximate compositions of 8.80% moisture, 22.81% crude protein, 5.40% crude fat,
12.02% crude fibre, 12.09% ash, 50.91% total carbohydrate, and 343.44 kcal/100 g
energy. Results of physical analyses showed that HAD-40 had higher yield and lower
water activity (aw) compared to other powders, while HAD-60 demonstrated highest bulk
density value. FD showed the highest lightness, greenness, and yellowness values. For
chemical properties, HAD-40 had the highest pH and total titratable acidity values, while
the total soluble solid of all samples were insignificantly (P > 0.05) different. The
functional properties results demonstrated that HAD-40 had the highest water holding
capacity and the lowest oil holding capacity. HAD-40 betel leaves powder appeared to be
the best drying method as it shows the highest value for total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and ferric-reducing antioxidant potential assay. However, in 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl free radical-scavenging ability, FD technique recorded the highest value. Overall, the suitable drying method in the production of betel leaves powder can be identified for their further applications as food ingredients, depending on characteristics and quality of the end product. |
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