Private, non-profit, and plantation: oil palm smallholders in management-assistance programs vary in socio-demographics, attitudes, and management practices

Smallholder farmers produce over 40% of global palm oil, the world’s most traded and controversial vegetable oil. Awareness of the effects of palm oil production on ecosystems and human communities has increased drastically in recent years, with ever louder calls for the private and public sector to...

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Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Reiss-Woolever, Valentine J., Wakhid, Wakhid, Ikhsan, Muhammad, Caliman, Jean-Pierre, Naim, Muhammad, Azmi, Elfina N., Shufiyan, Sharyn, Howes, John, Azmi, Reza, Ying Lim, Ying, Abdul Jan, Siti Zulaikah, Barrock, Isaac, Azhar, Badrul, Drewer, Julia, Ward, Caroline, Jones, Joshua A., Luke, Sarah H., Turner, Edgar C., Hidayat, Purnama, Buchori, Damayanti
Format:	Article
Language:	en
Published:	Public Library of Science 2025
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121935/1/121935.pdf http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/121935/ https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0304837
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