Characterization and durability properties of blended cement mortar by incorporating palm oil fuel ash and bentonite clay

Due to rapid urbanization and industrial development, the growing demand for concrete has increased cement production, which requires substantial raw materials, consumes significant energy, and contributes 8–10% of global carbon dioxide emissions annually. To address this issue, palm oil fuel ash (...

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Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Hasan, Kamrul, Aizat, Alias, Fadzil, Mat Yahaya, Hasan, Mehedi, Mazumder, Roni
Format:	Article
Language:	en
Published:	Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2026
Subjects:	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TH Building construction
Online Access:	https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47194/1/Kamrul%20et%20al%202026_POFA%20and%20bentonite%20clay_IJEST.pdf https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-026-07076-6 https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/47194/
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