The triple alliance: how a plant-ant, living in an ant-plant, acquires the third partner, a scale insect
Mutualistic associations between ants and plants often involve a third partner, scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccoidea). In southeast Asia, plant-ants of the genus Cladomyrma live together with coccoids in hollowed twigs of a wide range of ant-plants (myrmecophytes). Established colonies never lack sap...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
2005
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.um.edu.my/8297/ http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00040-005-0791-3.pdf |
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