Multi-parametric optimization of aerodynamic performance and pedestrian crash in sedan front-end profiles
Enhancing vehicle front-end (VFE) design is critical to improving aerodynamic efficiency and pedestrian safety. However, most existing designs focus primarily on reducing the drag coefficient (Cd) to meet aerodynamic standards, often overlooking the Head Injury Criterion (HIC), which is essential in...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en |
| Published: |
2025
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| Online Access: | https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/129260/1/129260.pdf https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/129260/ |
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