From Meccan persecution to modern islamophobia: a historical and sociopolitical study

This study explores the historical foundations and contemporary realities of Islamophobia by examining the persecution of early Muslims in Mecca and comparing it with modern anti-Muslim sentiment. Through a sociopolitical and historical lens, it investigates the Quraysh’s opposition to Islam, rooted...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nadir, Muhammad, Ahmad, Khaliq
Format: Article
Language:en
Published: Nun Gemilang Enterprise 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:http://irep.iium.edu.my/126777/7/126777_From%20Meccan%20persecution%20to%20modern%20islamophobia.pdf
http://irep.iium.edu.my/126777/
https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https://bitarajournal.com/index.php/bitarajournal/article/view/790/977&embedded=true
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