Improved GIS Techniques and a Novel Physico-Chemical Risk Index for Surface Water Quality Assessment: A Case Study of the Al-Garraf Oil Field

Petroleum hydrocarbons and waste streams have polluted the environment, harmed human health, affected socioeconomic conditions, and impacted communities in oil-producing countries. The aim of the study is to identify hotspots of contaminated water, create spatial risk maps of pollution from the pe...

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Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Nurul Shahzira Hazri, Sahriah Basri, Azran Mohd Zainoodin, Siti Kartom Kamarudin
Format:	Article
Language:	en
Published:	Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2025
Online Access:	http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26768/1/18.pdf http://journalarticle.ukm.my/26768/ https://www.ukm.my/jkukm/volume-3701-2025/
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