Understanding Concrete Damages: Causes, Contributing Factors, and Integrity Assessment

Concrete, one of the most widely used construction materials, is susceptible to various defects that compromise its durability and structural integrity. Deterioration results from a combination of chemical, physical, and environmental factors, including acid attack, chloride penetration, sulfate...

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Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Suparjo, ., Yuli Panca, Asmara, Firda, Herlina, Jainal, Arifin, Robiatul, Adawiyah
Format:	Article
Language:	en en
Published:	INTI International University 2025
Subjects:	T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TH Building construction
Online Access:	http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2125/2/666 http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2125/3/joit2025_03b.pdf http://eprints.intimal.edu.my/2125/ http://ipublishing.intimal.edu.my/joint.html
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