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Time series analysis and impact assessment of the temperature changes on the vegetation and the water availability: A case study of Bakun-Murum Catchment Region in Malaysia

The Bakun-Murum (BM) catchment region of the Rajang River Basin (RRB), Sarawak, Malaysia, has been under severe threat for the last few years due to urbanization, global warming, and climate change. The present study aimed to evaluate the time series analysis and impact assessment of the temperature...

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Main Authors: Oad, V.K., Szymkiewicz, A., Khan, N.A., Ashraf, S., Nawaz, R., Elnashar, A., Saad, S., Qureshi, A.H.
Format: Article
Published: Elsevier B.V. 2023
Online Access:http://scholars.utp.edu.my/id/eprint/34295/
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85145213207&doi=10.1016%2fj.rsase.2022.100915&partnerID=40&md5=a65a751b69a2293a9499ed61279bb3f3
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spelling oai:scholars.utp.edu.my:342952023-01-17T13:35:48Z http://scholars.utp.edu.my/id/eprint/34295/ Time series analysis and impact assessment of the temperature changes on the vegetation and the water availability: A case study of Bakun-Murum Catchment Region in Malaysia Oad, V.K. Szymkiewicz, A. Khan, N.A. Ashraf, S. Nawaz, R. Elnashar, A. Saad, S. Qureshi, A.H. The Bakun-Murum (BM) catchment region of the Rajang River Basin (RRB), Sarawak, Malaysia, has been under severe threat for the last few years due to urbanization, global warming, and climate change. The present study aimed to evaluate the time series analysis and impact assessment of the temperature changes on the vegetation/agricultural lands and the water availability within the BM region. For this purpose, the Landsat data for the past thirty years (1990�2020) were used. Remote sensing techniques for estimating the surface temperatures and variation within the vegetation and water bodies were utilized, and validation was done using on-ground weather stations. Google Earth Engine (GEE) and other RS & GIS tools were used for analyzing the time series trends of land surface temperature (LST), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and normalized difference water index (NDWI). The results exposed an overall rise of 1.06 °C in the annual mean temperatures over the last thirty years. A maximum annual mean NDVI of 0.48 was recorded for 2018 and 2019. The lowest annual mean NDVI (0.27) was observed in 2005. The annual mean NDWI increased to 0.48 in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The statistical correlation results revealed the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.09 and 0.13 for the annual mean LST and annual mean NDVI and the annual mean LST and annual mean NDWI, respectively. Moreover, the Mann-Kendall trend test for the annual mean temperature series indicates a slightly increasing trend with Sen's slope of 0.03 °C/year. It is found that there is a positive trend in the annual mean rainfall patterns, as Sen's slope indicates a yearly increase of 50.58 mm/year. This study found significant changes in the LST, NDVI, and NDWI of the BM catchment region during the last thirty years, demanding the concerned authorities' instant attention to alleviate the adverse effects of such changes to protect the ecosystem. © 2022 Elsevier B.V. Elsevier B.V. 2023 Article NonPeerReviewed Oad, V.K. and Szymkiewicz, A. and Khan, N.A. and Ashraf, S. and Nawaz, R. and Elnashar, A. and Saad, S. and Qureshi, A.H. (2023) Time series analysis and impact assessment of the temperature changes on the vegetation and the water availability: A case study of Bakun-Murum Catchment Region in Malaysia. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 29. ISSN 23529385 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85145213207&doi=10.1016%2fj.rsase.2022.100915&partnerID=40&md5=a65a751b69a2293a9499ed61279bb3f3 10.1016/j.rsase.2022.100915 10.1016/j.rsase.2022.100915 10.1016/j.rsase.2022.100915
institution Universiti Teknologi Petronas
building UTP Resource Centre
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Petronas
content_source UTP Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utp.edu.my/
description The Bakun-Murum (BM) catchment region of the Rajang River Basin (RRB), Sarawak, Malaysia, has been under severe threat for the last few years due to urbanization, global warming, and climate change. The present study aimed to evaluate the time series analysis and impact assessment of the temperature changes on the vegetation/agricultural lands and the water availability within the BM region. For this purpose, the Landsat data for the past thirty years (1990�2020) were used. Remote sensing techniques for estimating the surface temperatures and variation within the vegetation and water bodies were utilized, and validation was done using on-ground weather stations. Google Earth Engine (GEE) and other RS & GIS tools were used for analyzing the time series trends of land surface temperature (LST), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and normalized difference water index (NDWI). The results exposed an overall rise of 1.06 °C in the annual mean temperatures over the last thirty years. A maximum annual mean NDVI of 0.48 was recorded for 2018 and 2019. The lowest annual mean NDVI (0.27) was observed in 2005. The annual mean NDWI increased to 0.48 in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The statistical correlation results revealed the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.09 and 0.13 for the annual mean LST and annual mean NDVI and the annual mean LST and annual mean NDWI, respectively. Moreover, the Mann-Kendall trend test for the annual mean temperature series indicates a slightly increasing trend with Sen's slope of 0.03 °C/year. It is found that there is a positive trend in the annual mean rainfall patterns, as Sen's slope indicates a yearly increase of 50.58 mm/year. This study found significant changes in the LST, NDVI, and NDWI of the BM catchment region during the last thirty years, demanding the concerned authorities' instant attention to alleviate the adverse effects of such changes to protect the ecosystem. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
format Article
author Oad, V.K.
Szymkiewicz, A.
Khan, N.A.
Ashraf, S.
Nawaz, R.
Elnashar, A.
Saad, S.
Qureshi, A.H.
spellingShingle Oad, V.K.
Szymkiewicz, A.
Khan, N.A.
Ashraf, S.
Nawaz, R.
Elnashar, A.
Saad, S.
Qureshi, A.H.
Time series analysis and impact assessment of the temperature changes on the vegetation and the water availability: A case study of Bakun-Murum Catchment Region in Malaysia
author_facet Oad, V.K.
Szymkiewicz, A.
Khan, N.A.
Ashraf, S.
Nawaz, R.
Elnashar, A.
Saad, S.
Qureshi, A.H.
author_sort Oad, V.K.
title Time series analysis and impact assessment of the temperature changes on the vegetation and the water availability: A case study of Bakun-Murum Catchment Region in Malaysia
title_short Time series analysis and impact assessment of the temperature changes on the vegetation and the water availability: A case study of Bakun-Murum Catchment Region in Malaysia
title_full Time series analysis and impact assessment of the temperature changes on the vegetation and the water availability: A case study of Bakun-Murum Catchment Region in Malaysia
title_fullStr Time series analysis and impact assessment of the temperature changes on the vegetation and the water availability: A case study of Bakun-Murum Catchment Region in Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed Time series analysis and impact assessment of the temperature changes on the vegetation and the water availability: A case study of Bakun-Murum Catchment Region in Malaysia
title_sort time series analysis and impact assessment of the temperature changes on the vegetation and the water availability: a case study of bakun-murum catchment region in malaysia
publisher Elsevier B.V.
publishDate 2023
url http://scholars.utp.edu.my/id/eprint/34295/
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85145213207&doi=10.1016%2fj.rsase.2022.100915&partnerID=40&md5=a65a751b69a2293a9499ed61279bb3f3
_version_ 1755874791660716032
score 13.211869

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