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The Practice of Public Diplomacy by The Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Towards Indonesia

As part of their “Look East” foreign policy, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have been focusing on enhancing their relations with several Asian countries, including Indonesia, which is the largest economy in Southeast Asia. The adoption of this policy has resulted in an apparent incre...

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Main Authors: Rakhmat, Muhammad Zulfikar, Aswar, Hasbi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universiti Utara Malaysia Press 2023
Subjects:
JZ International relations
Online Access:https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/29739/1/JIS%2019%2001%202023%20231-263.pdf
https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2023.19.1.9
https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/29739/
https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/jis/article/view/16515
https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2023.19.1.9
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spelling my.uum.repo.297392023-09-10T14:45:28Z https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/29739/ The Practice of Public Diplomacy by The Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Towards Indonesia Rakhmat, Muhammad Zulfikar Aswar, Hasbi JZ International relations As part of their “Look East” foreign policy, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have been focusing on enhancing their relations with several Asian countries, including Indonesia, which is the largest economy in Southeast Asia. The adoption of this policy has resulted in an apparent increase in cooperation between these Arab Gulf nations and Indonesia. There is a visible trend of growing cooperation between GCC countries and Indonesia, particularly during the first term of President Joko Widodo, covering areas from diplomacy, energy, and trade to investments. Although the expansion of diplomatic, energy and economic ties between both sides has been widely discussed in the literature, little attention has been paid to the public diplomacy strategies used by the GCC countries in their interactions with Indonesia. Realizing the limitations of their newly developing relationships with Indonesia and the importance of promoting a positive image to secure their political and economic interests in the region, the GCC countries are fully aware of the need for effective public diplomacy strategies. This research, therefore, aims to examine the public diplomacy strategies employed by the GCC countries towards Indonesia. These strategies can be arguably divided into four distinct groups: educational initiatives, cultural activities, religious studies and practices, as well as humanitarian aid. This study argues that while public diplomacy has increasingly become an integral part of the GCC countries’ strategies in establishing relations with Indonesia, the application of these strategies has been prevalent only among a few GCC countries in which extensive political and economic relations are already well forged with Indonesia. Universiti Utara Malaysia Press 2023 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en cc4_by https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/29739/1/JIS%2019%2001%202023%20231-263.pdf Rakhmat, Muhammad Zulfikar and Aswar, Hasbi (2023) The Practice of Public Diplomacy by The Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Towards Indonesia. Journal of International Studies (JIS), 19 (1). pp. 231-263. ISSN 1823-691X https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/jis/article/view/16515 https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2023.19.1.9 https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2023.19.1.9
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
building UUM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Utara Malaysia
content_source UUM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://repo.uum.edu.my/
language English
topic JZ International relations
spellingShingle JZ International relations
Rakhmat, Muhammad Zulfikar
Aswar, Hasbi
The Practice of Public Diplomacy by The Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Towards Indonesia
description As part of their “Look East” foreign policy, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have been focusing on enhancing their relations with several Asian countries, including Indonesia, which is the largest economy in Southeast Asia. The adoption of this policy has resulted in an apparent increase in cooperation between these Arab Gulf nations and Indonesia. There is a visible trend of growing cooperation between GCC countries and Indonesia, particularly during the first term of President Joko Widodo, covering areas from diplomacy, energy, and trade to investments. Although the expansion of diplomatic, energy and economic ties between both sides has been widely discussed in the literature, little attention has been paid to the public diplomacy strategies used by the GCC countries in their interactions with Indonesia. Realizing the limitations of their newly developing relationships with Indonesia and the importance of promoting a positive image to secure their political and economic interests in the region, the GCC countries are fully aware of the need for effective public diplomacy strategies. This research, therefore, aims to examine the public diplomacy strategies employed by the GCC countries towards Indonesia. These strategies can be arguably divided into four distinct groups: educational initiatives, cultural activities, religious studies and practices, as well as humanitarian aid. This study argues that while public diplomacy has increasingly become an integral part of the GCC countries’ strategies in establishing relations with Indonesia, the application of these strategies has been prevalent only among a few GCC countries in which extensive political and economic relations are already well forged with Indonesia.
format Article
author Rakhmat, Muhammad Zulfikar
Aswar, Hasbi
author_facet Rakhmat, Muhammad Zulfikar
Aswar, Hasbi
author_sort Rakhmat, Muhammad Zulfikar
title The Practice of Public Diplomacy by The Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Towards Indonesia
title_short The Practice of Public Diplomacy by The Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Towards Indonesia
title_full The Practice of Public Diplomacy by The Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Towards Indonesia
title_fullStr The Practice of Public Diplomacy by The Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Towards Indonesia
title_full_unstemmed The Practice of Public Diplomacy by The Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Towards Indonesia
title_sort practice of public diplomacy by the gulf cooperation council countries towards indonesia
publisher Universiti Utara Malaysia Press
publishDate 2023
url https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/29739/1/JIS%2019%2001%202023%20231-263.pdf
https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2023.19.1.9
https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/29739/
https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/jis/article/view/16515
https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2023.19.1.9
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score 13.211869

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