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Revising the unitary vs. federation classifications

Over the last four decades, the distinction between unitary and federation systems has become increasingly blurred, as regionalization and decentralization have emerged as significant global trends. Regionalization and decentralization are responsible for redistribution of power across borders and f...

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Main Authors: Zahrin, Zuriana, Mohamed, Ahmad Martadha
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universiti Utara Malaysia Press 2022
Subjects:
JF Political institutions (General)
Online Access:https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/29016/1/JIS%2018%202022%20125-157.pdf
https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2022.18.5
https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/29016/
https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2022.18.5
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spelling my.uum.repo.290162023-04-04T09:58:57Z https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/29016/ Revising the unitary vs. federation classifications Zahrin, Zuriana Mohamed, Ahmad Martadha JF Political institutions (General) Over the last four decades, the distinction between unitary and federation systems has become increasingly blurred, as regionalization and decentralization have emerged as significant global trends. Regionalization and decentralization are responsible for redistribution of power across borders and for strengthening broader society's subnational capacity and function. Both have indirectly facilitated the expansion of "federalization processes" within unitary states. As a result, distinguishing between unitary and federated territorial management and power-sharing arrangements is difficult. This "intermediate system" was an apparently novel form of territorial division of power that was never classified as an incomplete federation or an evolutionary type of unitary system. This indicates that the unitary vs. federation dichotomy is becoming incongruous and that the existing classification is no longer relevant. As a result, this article revises the unitary-federal classification based on developments in n=70 selected countries from 1970 to 2018, as measured by the Regional Authority Index, an annual data series. To classify countries into clusters, the data index was analyzed using hybrid clustering analysis with k-means clustering as the primary analysis. Initially, inferential analysis performed suggested the establishment of four clusters (k=4). However, the clustering together of unitary and federated countries resulted in re-clustering, leading to the formation of five new clusters. Universiti Utara Malaysia Press 2022 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en cc4_by https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/29016/1/JIS%2018%202022%20125-157.pdf Zahrin, Zuriana and Mohamed, Ahmad Martadha (2022) Revising the unitary vs. federation classifications. Journal of International Studies (JIS), 18. pp. 125-157. ISSN 1823-691X https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2022.18.5 https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2022.18.5
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
building UUM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Utara Malaysia
content_source UUM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://repo.uum.edu.my/
language English
topic JF Political institutions (General)
spellingShingle JF Political institutions (General)
Zahrin, Zuriana
Mohamed, Ahmad Martadha
Revising the unitary vs. federation classifications
description Over the last four decades, the distinction between unitary and federation systems has become increasingly blurred, as regionalization and decentralization have emerged as significant global trends. Regionalization and decentralization are responsible for redistribution of power across borders and for strengthening broader society's subnational capacity and function. Both have indirectly facilitated the expansion of "federalization processes" within unitary states. As a result, distinguishing between unitary and federated territorial management and power-sharing arrangements is difficult. This "intermediate system" was an apparently novel form of territorial division of power that was never classified as an incomplete federation or an evolutionary type of unitary system. This indicates that the unitary vs. federation dichotomy is becoming incongruous and that the existing classification is no longer relevant. As a result, this article revises the unitary-federal classification based on developments in n=70 selected countries from 1970 to 2018, as measured by the Regional Authority Index, an annual data series. To classify countries into clusters, the data index was analyzed using hybrid clustering analysis with k-means clustering as the primary analysis. Initially, inferential analysis performed suggested the establishment of four clusters (k=4). However, the clustering together of unitary and federated countries resulted in re-clustering, leading to the formation of five new clusters.
format Article
author Zahrin, Zuriana
Mohamed, Ahmad Martadha
author_facet Zahrin, Zuriana
Mohamed, Ahmad Martadha
author_sort Zahrin, Zuriana
title Revising the unitary vs. federation classifications
title_short Revising the unitary vs. federation classifications
title_full Revising the unitary vs. federation classifications
title_fullStr Revising the unitary vs. federation classifications
title_full_unstemmed Revising the unitary vs. federation classifications
title_sort revising the unitary vs. federation classifications
publisher Universiti Utara Malaysia Press
publishDate 2022
url https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/29016/1/JIS%2018%202022%20125-157.pdf
https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2022.18.5
https://repo.uum.edu.my/id/eprint/29016/
https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2022.18.5
_version_ 1762395472513728512
score 13.211869

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