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Leisure Constraints and Negotiation Strategies among Malaysian Women's Participation in Sport Tourism

There has been positive expansion of research on women's leisure constraints in various disciplines but none was on Malaysian women's sport tourism participation. Furthermore leisure constraints experienced by Malaysian women differed significantly from those experienced by the general pop...

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Main Author: Khor, Poy Hua
Format: Thesis
Language:English
English
Published: 2009
Subjects:
GV Recreation Leisure
Online Access:http://etd.uum.edu.my/2115/1/Khor_Poy_Hua.pdf
http://etd.uum.edu.my/2115/2/1.Khor_Poy_Hua.pdf
http://etd.uum.edu.my/2115/
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spelling my.uum.etd.21152013-07-24T12:14:28Z http://etd.uum.edu.my/2115/ Leisure Constraints and Negotiation Strategies among Malaysian Women's Participation in Sport Tourism Khor, Poy Hua GV Recreation Leisure There has been positive expansion of research on women's leisure constraints in various disciplines but none was on Malaysian women's sport tourism participation. Furthermore leisure constraints experienced by Malaysian women differed significantly from those experienced by the general population as they have to adhere to cultural tradition to a greater extent than others. Therefore, this study explored the leisure constraints and negotiation strategies among Malaysian women's participation in sport tourism events. Besides that it assists in understanding the evolution of leisure in general as research of different cultural backgrounds would greatly enhance the leisure constraints literature. A self-administered questionnaire adapted from Crawford et al.'s hierarchical model of leisure constraints (1991), Chick and Dong's (2003) leisure constraints across culture scale, and Hubbard and Mannell (2001) negotiation strategies scale was developed for this study. Multistage cluster random sampling with proportion design was used to draw samples and data collected from 636 respondents were analyzed using SPSS-PC. The results reveal that Malaysian women perceived a combination of interpersonal constraints, structural constraints, intrapersonal constraints, and cultural constraints with interpersonal constraints most highly perceived in sport tourism participation. The identification of cultural factor reading "I am obliged to visit my parents/grandparents when I have holidays" as the leisure constraint most highly perceived by Malaysian women clearly indicates that cultural constraints component plays important role in deciding the levels of sport tourism participation among Malaysian women. Analysis revealed that age, ethnic, marital status, occupation, and monthly family income factors do partially influenced Malaysian women's perception of leisure constraints in sport tourism participation. A combination of interpersonal coordination, skill acquisition, financial resources, and time management strategies place some Malaysian women in a better position to negotiate leisure constraints in sport tourism with majority adopting interpersonal coordination factors. Age, ethnic, marital status, occupation, and monthly family income factors do partially affect the adoption of negotiation strategies components in sport tourism participation. Significant relationship existed between negotiation strategies and the overall leisure constraints of Malaysian women participating in sport tourism controlling for age, ethnic, marital status, occupation and monthly family income groups. It could be assumed that age, ethnic, marital status, occupation and monthly family income groups did not affect the relationships between Malaysian women's adoption of negotiation strategies with the overall leisure constraints perceived in sport tourism participations. 2009-12 Thesis NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://etd.uum.edu.my/2115/1/Khor_Poy_Hua.pdf application/pdf en http://etd.uum.edu.my/2115/2/1.Khor_Poy_Hua.pdf Khor, Poy Hua (2009) Leisure Constraints and Negotiation Strategies among Malaysian Women's Participation in Sport Tourism. PhD. thesis, Universiti Utara Malaysia.
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
building UUM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Utara Malaysia
content_source UUM Electronic Theses
url_provider http://etd.uum.edu.my/
language English
English
topic GV Recreation Leisure
spellingShingle GV Recreation Leisure
Khor, Poy Hua
Leisure Constraints and Negotiation Strategies among Malaysian Women's Participation in Sport Tourism
description There has been positive expansion of research on women's leisure constraints in various disciplines but none was on Malaysian women's sport tourism participation. Furthermore leisure constraints experienced by Malaysian women differed significantly from those experienced by the general population as they have to adhere to cultural tradition to a greater extent than others. Therefore, this study explored the leisure constraints and negotiation strategies among Malaysian women's participation in sport tourism events. Besides that it assists in understanding the evolution of leisure in general as research of different cultural backgrounds would greatly enhance the leisure constraints literature. A self-administered questionnaire adapted from Crawford et al.'s hierarchical model of leisure constraints (1991), Chick and Dong's (2003) leisure constraints across culture scale, and Hubbard and Mannell (2001) negotiation strategies scale was developed for this study. Multistage cluster random sampling with proportion design was used to draw samples and data collected from 636 respondents were analyzed using SPSS-PC. The results reveal that Malaysian women perceived a combination of interpersonal constraints, structural constraints, intrapersonal constraints, and cultural constraints with interpersonal constraints most highly perceived in sport tourism participation. The identification of cultural factor reading "I am obliged to visit my parents/grandparents when I have holidays" as the leisure constraint most highly perceived by Malaysian women clearly indicates that cultural constraints component plays important role in deciding the levels of sport tourism participation among Malaysian women. Analysis revealed that age, ethnic, marital status, occupation, and monthly family income factors do partially influenced Malaysian women's perception of leisure constraints in sport tourism participation. A combination of interpersonal coordination, skill acquisition, financial resources, and time management strategies place some Malaysian women in a better position to negotiate leisure constraints in sport tourism with majority adopting interpersonal coordination factors. Age, ethnic, marital status, occupation, and monthly family income factors do partially affect the adoption of negotiation strategies components in sport tourism participation. Significant relationship existed between negotiation strategies and the overall leisure constraints of Malaysian women participating in sport tourism controlling for age, ethnic, marital status, occupation and monthly family income groups. It could be assumed that age, ethnic, marital status, occupation and monthly family income groups did not affect the relationships between Malaysian women's adoption of negotiation strategies with the overall leisure constraints perceived in sport tourism participations.
format Thesis
author Khor, Poy Hua
author_facet Khor, Poy Hua
author_sort Khor, Poy Hua
title Leisure Constraints and Negotiation Strategies among Malaysian Women's Participation in Sport Tourism
title_short Leisure Constraints and Negotiation Strategies among Malaysian Women's Participation in Sport Tourism
title_full Leisure Constraints and Negotiation Strategies among Malaysian Women's Participation in Sport Tourism
title_fullStr Leisure Constraints and Negotiation Strategies among Malaysian Women's Participation in Sport Tourism
title_full_unstemmed Leisure Constraints and Negotiation Strategies among Malaysian Women's Participation in Sport Tourism
title_sort leisure constraints and negotiation strategies among malaysian women's participation in sport tourism
publishDate 2009
url http://etd.uum.edu.my/2115/1/Khor_Poy_Hua.pdf
http://etd.uum.edu.my/2115/2/1.Khor_Poy_Hua.pdf
http://etd.uum.edu.my/2115/
_version_ 1644276595429474304
score 13.211869

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