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Influence of gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, and spirituality on mental health of postgraduate university students from Punjab, Pakistan: Mediating role of mindfulness and meaning in life

Recently, the decline in mental health among university students has become a global concern. However, there is a lack of evidence in the Pakistani context compared to the extensive literature from Western perspectives. This research aims to examine the influence of gratitude, forgiveness, resilienc...

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Main Author: Adeeb, Muhammad
Format: Thesis
Language:English
English
English
Published: 2024
Subjects:
BF Psychology
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/11497/1/permission%20to%20deposit-embargo%2012%20months-s903715.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/11497/2/s903715_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/11497/3/s903715_02.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/11497/
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spelling my.uum.etd.114972025-01-09T04:37:35Z https://etd.uum.edu.my/11497/ Influence of gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, and spirituality on mental health of postgraduate university students from Punjab, Pakistan: Mediating role of mindfulness and meaning in life Adeeb, Muhammad BF Psychology Recently, the decline in mental health among university students has become a global concern. However, there is a lack of evidence in the Pakistani context compared to the extensive literature from Western perspectives. This research aims to examine the influence of gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, and spirituality on the mental health of postgraduate students in universities in Pakistan. Additionally, mindfulness and meaning in life are treated as mediating variables. Furthermore, this study also aims to measure gender differences across all these variables. A total of 1527 students were selected using multistage random sampling from 10 public universities in Punjab, Pakistan. Eight instruments were used for the study namely Gratitude Questionnaire, Heartland Forgiveness Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, Short Grit Scale, Spirituality Scale, Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised, Meaning in Life Questionnaire, and Mental Health Inventory. The results of the bivariate correlation showed that gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, and spirituality have a significant positive relationship with mental health and psychological well-being, while negatively correlated with psychological distress. Structural Equation Modeling showed that gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, and spirituality served as both direct and indirect predictors of mental health. Additionally, mindfulness and meaning in life were identified as significant partial mediators in the relationship between gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, and spirituality with mental health. The independent samples t-test results showed significant gender differences, with female students showing significantly less psychological distress and higher levels of gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, spirituality, mindfulness, meaning in life, and overall mental health (including psychological well-being) compared to male students. This research concludes that gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, and spirituality, along with mindfulness and meaning in life as mediators, may improve the mental health of postgraduate students. The findings have numerous implications for clinical psychologists, counsellors, mental health professionals, and parents concerning the mental health of students. 2024 Thesis NonPeerReviewed text en https://etd.uum.edu.my/11497/1/permission%20to%20deposit-embargo%2012%20months-s903715.pdf text en https://etd.uum.edu.my/11497/2/s903715_01.pdf text en https://etd.uum.edu.my/11497/3/s903715_02.pdf Adeeb, Muhammad (2024) Influence of gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, and spirituality on mental health of postgraduate university students from Punjab, Pakistan: Mediating role of mindfulness and meaning in life. Doctoral thesis, Universiti Utara Malaysia.
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
building UUM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Utara Malaysia
content_source UUM Electronic Theses
url_provider http://etd.uum.edu.my/
language English
English
English
topic BF Psychology
spellingShingle BF Psychology
Adeeb, Muhammad
Influence of gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, and spirituality on mental health of postgraduate university students from Punjab, Pakistan: Mediating role of mindfulness and meaning in life
description Recently, the decline in mental health among university students has become a global concern. However, there is a lack of evidence in the Pakistani context compared to the extensive literature from Western perspectives. This research aims to examine the influence of gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, and spirituality on the mental health of postgraduate students in universities in Pakistan. Additionally, mindfulness and meaning in life are treated as mediating variables. Furthermore, this study also aims to measure gender differences across all these variables. A total of 1527 students were selected using multistage random sampling from 10 public universities in Punjab, Pakistan. Eight instruments were used for the study namely Gratitude Questionnaire, Heartland Forgiveness Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, Short Grit Scale, Spirituality Scale, Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised, Meaning in Life Questionnaire, and Mental Health Inventory. The results of the bivariate correlation showed that gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, and spirituality have a significant positive relationship with mental health and psychological well-being, while negatively correlated with psychological distress. Structural Equation Modeling showed that gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, and spirituality served as both direct and indirect predictors of mental health. Additionally, mindfulness and meaning in life were identified as significant partial mediators in the relationship between gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, and spirituality with mental health. The independent samples t-test results showed significant gender differences, with female students showing significantly less psychological distress and higher levels of gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, spirituality, mindfulness, meaning in life, and overall mental health (including psychological well-being) compared to male students. This research concludes that gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, and spirituality, along with mindfulness and meaning in life as mediators, may improve the mental health of postgraduate students. The findings have numerous implications for clinical psychologists, counsellors, mental health professionals, and parents concerning the mental health of students.
format Thesis
author Adeeb, Muhammad
author_facet Adeeb, Muhammad
author_sort Adeeb, Muhammad
title Influence of gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, and spirituality on mental health of postgraduate university students from Punjab, Pakistan: Mediating role of mindfulness and meaning in life
title_short Influence of gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, and spirituality on mental health of postgraduate university students from Punjab, Pakistan: Mediating role of mindfulness and meaning in life
title_full Influence of gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, and spirituality on mental health of postgraduate university students from Punjab, Pakistan: Mediating role of mindfulness and meaning in life
title_fullStr Influence of gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, and spirituality on mental health of postgraduate university students from Punjab, Pakistan: Mediating role of mindfulness and meaning in life
title_full_unstemmed Influence of gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, and spirituality on mental health of postgraduate university students from Punjab, Pakistan: Mediating role of mindfulness and meaning in life
title_sort influence of gratitude, forgiveness, resilience, grit, and spirituality on mental health of postgraduate university students from punjab, pakistan: mediating role of mindfulness and meaning in life
publishDate 2024
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/11497/1/permission%20to%20deposit-embargo%2012%20months-s903715.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/11497/2/s903715_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/11497/3/s903715_02.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/11497/
_version_ 1821005245673635840
score 13.239859

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