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Brønsted imidazolium ionic liquids: Synthesis and comparison of their catalytic activities as pre-catalyst for biodiesel production through two stage process

In the present work, study was undertaken to prepare biodiesel via a two-step transesterification process. The high free fatty acids (FFA) value contained in the crude palm oil (CPO), which cause several problems with the straight alkaline-catalyzed, were converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAM...

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Main Authors: C.D., Wilfred, Man, Zakaria, Yusop, S. H., Azmi Bhustam , M A, Elsheikh, Y. A.
Format: Article
Published: Elsevier 2011
Subjects:
QD Chemistry
Online Access:http://eprints.utp.edu.my/7824/1/Yasir_biodiesel.pdf
http://eprints.utp.edu.my/7824/
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spelling my.utp.eprints.78242017-03-20T01:59:43Z Brønsted imidazolium ionic liquids: Synthesis and comparison of their catalytic activities as pre-catalyst for biodiesel production through two stage process C.D., Wilfred Man, Zakaria Yusop, S. H. Azmi Bhustam , M A Elsheikh, Y. A. QD Chemistry In the present work, study was undertaken to prepare biodiesel via a two-step transesterification process. The high free fatty acids (FFA) value contained in the crude palm oil (CPO), which cause several problems with the straight alkaline-catalyzed, were converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) before introducing KOH-catalyzed transesterification step. In order to evaluate their catalytic activities, three Brønsted acidic imidazoliums were investigated. These ionic liquids (ILs) appeared to be promising candidates to replace conventional acidic catalyst for biodiesel production due to their unique properties. Among them, a longer side chains 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hydrogensulfate (BMIMHSO4) was found to be more superior to the other two catalysts. Based on the experimental results, a catalyst (BIMHSO4) concentration of 4.5 wt.%, methanol/CPO molar ratio of 12:1, a temperature of 160 C, and agitation speed of 600 rpm provided a final CPO acid value lower than 1.0 mg KOH/CPO within 120 min. The second alkalicatalyze step was performed at agitation speed of 600 rpm, 60 C, 1.0% KOH for 50 min. The final biodiesel product in 98.4% yield was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The determined physicochemical important properties of POME were confirmed with American Standards for Testing Material (ASTM). Elsevier 2011 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf http://eprints.utp.edu.my/7824/1/Yasir_biodiesel.pdf C.D., Wilfred and Man, Zakaria and Yusop, S. H. and Azmi Bhustam , M A and Elsheikh, Y. A. (2011) Brønsted imidazolium ionic liquids: Synthesis and comparison of their catalytic activities as pre-catalyst for biodiesel production through two stage process. Energy and Conversion Management, 52 . pp. 804-809. http://eprints.utp.edu.my/7824/
institution Universiti Teknologi Petronas
building UTP Resource Centre
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Petronas
content_source UTP Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utp.edu.my/
topic QD Chemistry
spellingShingle QD Chemistry
C.D., Wilfred
Man, Zakaria
Yusop, S. H.
Azmi Bhustam , M A
Elsheikh, Y. A.
Brønsted imidazolium ionic liquids: Synthesis and comparison of their catalytic activities as pre-catalyst for biodiesel production through two stage process
description In the present work, study was undertaken to prepare biodiesel via a two-step transesterification process. The high free fatty acids (FFA) value contained in the crude palm oil (CPO), which cause several problems with the straight alkaline-catalyzed, were converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) before introducing KOH-catalyzed transesterification step. In order to evaluate their catalytic activities, three Brønsted acidic imidazoliums were investigated. These ionic liquids (ILs) appeared to be promising candidates to replace conventional acidic catalyst for biodiesel production due to their unique properties. Among them, a longer side chains 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hydrogensulfate (BMIMHSO4) was found to be more superior to the other two catalysts. Based on the experimental results, a catalyst (BIMHSO4) concentration of 4.5 wt.%, methanol/CPO molar ratio of 12:1, a temperature of 160 C, and agitation speed of 600 rpm provided a final CPO acid value lower than 1.0 mg KOH/CPO within 120 min. The second alkalicatalyze step was performed at agitation speed of 600 rpm, 60 C, 1.0% KOH for 50 min. The final biodiesel product in 98.4% yield was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The determined physicochemical important properties of POME were confirmed with American Standards for Testing Material (ASTM).
format Article
author C.D., Wilfred
Man, Zakaria
Yusop, S. H.
Azmi Bhustam , M A
Elsheikh, Y. A.
author_facet C.D., Wilfred
Man, Zakaria
Yusop, S. H.
Azmi Bhustam , M A
Elsheikh, Y. A.
author_sort C.D., Wilfred
title Brønsted imidazolium ionic liquids: Synthesis and comparison of their catalytic activities as pre-catalyst for biodiesel production through two stage process
title_short Brønsted imidazolium ionic liquids: Synthesis and comparison of their catalytic activities as pre-catalyst for biodiesel production through two stage process
title_full Brønsted imidazolium ionic liquids: Synthesis and comparison of their catalytic activities as pre-catalyst for biodiesel production through two stage process
title_fullStr Brønsted imidazolium ionic liquids: Synthesis and comparison of their catalytic activities as pre-catalyst for biodiesel production through two stage process
title_full_unstemmed Brønsted imidazolium ionic liquids: Synthesis and comparison of their catalytic activities as pre-catalyst for biodiesel production through two stage process
title_sort brønsted imidazolium ionic liquids: synthesis and comparison of their catalytic activities as pre-catalyst for biodiesel production through two stage process
publisher Elsevier
publishDate 2011
url http://eprints.utp.edu.my/7824/1/Yasir_biodiesel.pdf
http://eprints.utp.edu.my/7824/
_version_ 1738655605620473856
score 13.211869

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