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Investigation of cell parameters, microstructures and electrochemical behaviour of LiMn2O4 normal and nano powders

Nano materials are usually difficult to prepare. This work presents a simple way of preparing LiMn2O4 nano powders using the high-energy ball milling method. This method has the advantage of producing pure, single-phase and crystalline nano powders. The milling method is carefully controlled to avoi...

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Main Authors:	Kamarulzaman , N., Yusoff , R., Kamarudin , N., Shaari , N.H., Abdul Aziz , N.A, Bustam M.A, Mohd Azmi, Blagojevic , N., Elcombe , M., Blackford , M., Avdeev , M., Arof , A.K.
Format:	Citation Index Journal
Published:	2009
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utp.edu.my/534/1/paper.pdf http://eprints.utp.edu.my/534/
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id	my.utp.eprints.534
record_format	eprints
spelling	my.utp.eprints.5342017-01-19T08:25:44Z Investigation of cell parameters, microstructures and electrochemical behaviour of LiMn2O4 normal and nano powders Kamarulzaman , N. Yusoff , R. Kamarudin , N. Shaari , N.H. Abdul Aziz , N.A Bustam M.A, Mohd Azmi Blagojevic , N. Elcombe , M. Blackford , M. Avdeev , M. Arof , A.K. TP Chemical technology Nano materials are usually difficult to prepare. This work presents a simple way of preparing LiMn2O4 nano powders using the high-energy ball milling method. This method has the advantage of producing pure, single-phase and crystalline nano powders. The milling method is carefully controlled to avoid unwanted chemical reactions that may change the stoichiometry of the material. Nano powders of between 30 and 50 nm are obtained. Structural studies of the nano powders, as well as the more conventional micron-sized LiMn2O4, are made using X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction methods. Electrochemical evaluation of the materials is undertaken with a three-probe cyclic voltammetry technique and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements. Structural studies reveal that not only are the crystallites of the nano powders much reduced in size from the normal powders, but their cell parameters are also smaller. The performance characteristics of the nano material show an improvement over that of the micron-sized material by about 17% in the 1st cycle and 70.6% in the 5th cycle, at which the capacity is 132 mAh g-1. The normal material suffers from severe capacity fading but the nano material shows much improved capacity retention. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2009 Citation Index Journal PeerReviewed application/pdf http://eprints.utp.edu.my/534/1/paper.pdf Kamarulzaman , N. and Yusoff , R. and Kamarudin , N. and Shaari , N.H. and Abdul Aziz , N.A and Bustam M.A, Mohd Azmi and Blagojevic , N. and Elcombe , M. and Blackford , M. and Avdeev , M. and Arof , A.K. (2009) Investigation of cell parameters, microstructures and electrochemical behaviour of LiMn2O4 normal and nano powders. [Citation Index Journal] http://eprints.utp.edu.my/534/
institution	Universiti Teknologi Petronas
building	UTP Resource Centre
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Teknologi Petronas
content_source	UTP Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.utp.edu.my/
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Kamarulzaman , N. Yusoff , R. Kamarudin , N. Shaari , N.H. Abdul Aziz , N.A Bustam M.A, Mohd Azmi Blagojevic , N. Elcombe , M. Blackford , M. Avdeev , M. Arof , A.K. Investigation of cell parameters, microstructures and electrochemical behaviour of LiMn2O4 normal and nano powders
description	Nano materials are usually difficult to prepare. This work presents a simple way of preparing LiMn2O4 nano powders using the high-energy ball milling method. This method has the advantage of producing pure, single-phase and crystalline nano powders. The milling method is carefully controlled to avoid unwanted chemical reactions that may change the stoichiometry of the material. Nano powders of between 30 and 50 nm are obtained. Structural studies of the nano powders, as well as the more conventional micron-sized LiMn2O4, are made using X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction methods. Electrochemical evaluation of the materials is undertaken with a three-probe cyclic voltammetry technique and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements. Structural studies reveal that not only are the crystallites of the nano powders much reduced in size from the normal powders, but their cell parameters are also smaller. The performance characteristics of the nano material show an improvement over that of the micron-sized material by about 17% in the 1st cycle and 70.6% in the 5th cycle, at which the capacity is 132 mAh g-1. The normal material suffers from severe capacity fading but the nano material shows much improved capacity retention. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
format	Citation Index Journal
author	Kamarulzaman , N. Yusoff , R. Kamarudin , N. Shaari , N.H. Abdul Aziz , N.A Bustam M.A, Mohd Azmi Blagojevic , N. Elcombe , M. Blackford , M. Avdeev , M. Arof , A.K.
author_facet	Kamarulzaman , N. Yusoff , R. Kamarudin , N. Shaari , N.H. Abdul Aziz , N.A Bustam M.A, Mohd Azmi Blagojevic , N. Elcombe , M. Blackford , M. Avdeev , M. Arof , A.K.
author_sort	Kamarulzaman , N.
title	Investigation of cell parameters, microstructures and electrochemical behaviour of LiMn2O4 normal and nano powders
title_short	Investigation of cell parameters, microstructures and electrochemical behaviour of LiMn2O4 normal and nano powders
title_full	Investigation of cell parameters, microstructures and electrochemical behaviour of LiMn2O4 normal and nano powders
title_fullStr	Investigation of cell parameters, microstructures and electrochemical behaviour of LiMn2O4 normal and nano powders
title_full_unstemmed	Investigation of cell parameters, microstructures and electrochemical behaviour of LiMn2O4 normal and nano powders
title_sort	investigation of cell parameters, microstructures and electrochemical behaviour of limn2o4 normal and nano powders
publishDate	2009
url	http://eprints.utp.edu.my/534/1/paper.pdf http://eprints.utp.edu.my/534/
_version_	1738655075362930688
score	13.211869

Investigation of cell parameters, microstructures and electrochemical behaviour of LiMn2O4 normal and nano powders

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