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Ecological risk indicators for leached heavy metals from coal ash generated at a malaysian power plant

The application of coal ash (CA) in construction industries has grown rapidly, posing risk to the environment due to heavy metals leaching from the material. This research presents a simulation of ecological risk assessment and model risk indicators (ERI) of leached heavy metals (lead (Pb), copper (...

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Main Authors: Abd Manan, T.S.B., Beddu, S., Mohd Kamal, N.L., Mohamad, D., Itam, Z., Khan, T., Machmudah, A., Dutykh, D., Mohtar, W.H.M.W., Jusoh, H., Nazri, F.M., Yapandi, M.F.K.M., Pati, S., Ahmad, A., Rasdi, N.W.
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Published: MDPI 2021
Online Access:https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114858763&doi=10.3390%2fsu131810222&partnerID=40&md5=6f16e97d1dc3d461dddd8e1ae8618ad1
http://eprints.utp.edu.my/30285/
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spelling my.utp.eprints.302852022-03-25T06:40:23Z Ecological risk indicators for leached heavy metals from coal ash generated at a malaysian power plant Abd Manan, T.S.B. Beddu, S. Mohd Kamal, N.L. Mohamad, D. Itam, Z. Khan, T. Machmudah, A. Dutykh, D. Mohtar, W.H.M.W. Jusoh, H. Nazri, F.M. Yapandi, M.F.K.M. Pati, S. Ahmad, A. Rasdi, N.W. The application of coal ash (CA) in construction industries has grown rapidly, posing risk to the environment due to heavy metals leaching from the material. This research presents a simulation of ecological risk assessment and model risk indicators (ERI) of leached heavy metals (lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and arsenic (As)) from CA (FA: fly ash and BA: bottom ash) via response surface methodology (RSM). The ERI values were based on quantified leached heavy metals from the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP-1311) and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP-1312). The ecological risk index (RI ) values for TCLP were 10.27 � 100 (FA), 9.91 � 100 (BA) and 12.58 � 100 (FA + BA); whereas RI for SPLP were 10.34 � 100 (FA), 9.90 � 100 (BA) and 12.61 � 100 (FA + BA). Twenty-nine combinations of operations were evaluated based on Box-Behnken design with ERI as the response variable. The established model risk indicator (i.e., coded and actual factors) of Pb, Cu, Zn and �As� showed significant model terms that describe their relationship very well, perfectly fit to the corresponding ERI (sum of squares = 0.4160, F value = 682,375.55) with probability of 0.01 for an F-value could occur due to noise. The optimized models were validated with error percentage of less than 5. The established ERI models showed significant model terms and will be useful for ecological monitoring of CA application in construction industries. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. MDPI 2021 Article NonPeerReviewed https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114858763&doi=10.3390%2fsu131810222&partnerID=40&md5=6f16e97d1dc3d461dddd8e1ae8618ad1 Abd Manan, T.S.B. and Beddu, S. and Mohd Kamal, N.L. and Mohamad, D. and Itam, Z. and Khan, T. and Machmudah, A. and Dutykh, D. and Mohtar, W.H.M.W. and Jusoh, H. and Nazri, F.M. and Yapandi, M.F.K.M. and Pati, S. and Ahmad, A. and Rasdi, N.W. (2021) Ecological risk indicators for leached heavy metals from coal ash generated at a malaysian power plant. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13 (18). http://eprints.utp.edu.my/30285/
institution Universiti Teknologi Petronas
building UTP Resource Centre
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Petronas
content_source UTP Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utp.edu.my/
description The application of coal ash (CA) in construction industries has grown rapidly, posing risk to the environment due to heavy metals leaching from the material. This research presents a simulation of ecological risk assessment and model risk indicators (ERI) of leached heavy metals (lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and arsenic (As)) from CA (FA: fly ash and BA: bottom ash) via response surface methodology (RSM). The ERI values were based on quantified leached heavy metals from the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP-1311) and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP-1312). The ecological risk index (RI ) values for TCLP were 10.27 � 100 (FA), 9.91 � 100 (BA) and 12.58 � 100 (FA + BA); whereas RI for SPLP were 10.34 � 100 (FA), 9.90 � 100 (BA) and 12.61 � 100 (FA + BA). Twenty-nine combinations of operations were evaluated based on Box-Behnken design with ERI as the response variable. The established model risk indicator (i.e., coded and actual factors) of Pb, Cu, Zn and �As� showed significant model terms that describe their relationship very well, perfectly fit to the corresponding ERI (sum of squares = 0.4160, F value = 682,375.55) with probability of 0.01 for an F-value could occur due to noise. The optimized models were validated with error percentage of less than 5. The established ERI models showed significant model terms and will be useful for ecological monitoring of CA application in construction industries. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
format Article
author Abd Manan, T.S.B.
Beddu, S.
Mohd Kamal, N.L.
Mohamad, D.
Itam, Z.
Khan, T.
Machmudah, A.
Dutykh, D.
Mohtar, W.H.M.W.
Jusoh, H.
Nazri, F.M.
Yapandi, M.F.K.M.
Pati, S.
Ahmad, A.
Rasdi, N.W.
spellingShingle Abd Manan, T.S.B.
Beddu, S.
Mohd Kamal, N.L.
Mohamad, D.
Itam, Z.
Khan, T.
Machmudah, A.
Dutykh, D.
Mohtar, W.H.M.W.
Jusoh, H.
Nazri, F.M.
Yapandi, M.F.K.M.
Pati, S.
Ahmad, A.
Rasdi, N.W.
Ecological risk indicators for leached heavy metals from coal ash generated at a malaysian power plant
author_facet Abd Manan, T.S.B.
Beddu, S.
Mohd Kamal, N.L.
Mohamad, D.
Itam, Z.
Khan, T.
Machmudah, A.
Dutykh, D.
Mohtar, W.H.M.W.
Jusoh, H.
Nazri, F.M.
Yapandi, M.F.K.M.
Pati, S.
Ahmad, A.
Rasdi, N.W.
author_sort Abd Manan, T.S.B.
title Ecological risk indicators for leached heavy metals from coal ash generated at a malaysian power plant
title_short Ecological risk indicators for leached heavy metals from coal ash generated at a malaysian power plant
title_full Ecological risk indicators for leached heavy metals from coal ash generated at a malaysian power plant
title_fullStr Ecological risk indicators for leached heavy metals from coal ash generated at a malaysian power plant
title_full_unstemmed Ecological risk indicators for leached heavy metals from coal ash generated at a malaysian power plant
title_sort ecological risk indicators for leached heavy metals from coal ash generated at a malaysian power plant
publisher MDPI
publishDate 2021
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114858763&doi=10.3390%2fsu131810222&partnerID=40&md5=6f16e97d1dc3d461dddd8e1ae8618ad1
http://eprints.utp.edu.my/30285/
_version_ 1738657085991682048
score 13.211869

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