Optimization and Kinetic Studies on Biodiesel Conversion from Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae Using Pyrrolidinium-Based Ionic Liquids as a Catalyst
This study describes the potential conversion of dried microalgae. Chlorella vulgaris (C. vul-garis) into fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using the direct transesterification (DT) method and using ionic liquids (ILs) as a catalyst. In this work, the performance of monocationic IL, namely 1-butyl-1-me...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
MDPI
2022
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| Online Access: | https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125399038&doi=10.3390%2fcatal12030277&partnerID=40&md5=3c312c094816e0810e103de51975088c http://eprints.utp.edu.my/28613/ |
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| Summary: | This study describes the potential conversion of dried microalgae. Chlorella vulgaris (C. vul-garis) into fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using the direct transesterification (DT) method and using ionic liquids (ILs) as a catalyst. In this work, the performance of monocationic IL, namely 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide (IL 1), and dicationic IL, namely 1,4-bis(1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl) butane dibromide (IL 2), as catalysts was compared for DT of C. vulgaris under microwave irradiation. The results revealed that IL 2 showed a better performance in catalyzing the DT reaction by producing 87.9 mg/g of FAME, while the use of IL 1 led to 74.3 mg/g of FAME under optimum conditions. The kinetic study for direct transesterification of C. vulgaris showed that the reaction followed a first order kinetic reaction where the activation energies were calculated to be 22.2499 kJ mol�1 and 22.0413 kJ mol�1 for IL 1 and IL 2, respectively. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. |
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