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Less is more: Optimising the biocementation of coastal sands by reducing influent urea through response surface method

The excessive effluent ammonia produced during the conventional biocementation of coastal sands by ureolytic Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) poses a looming threat to the marine environment. This research mitigates this threat by employing a brute force deployment of the Response Su...

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Main Authors: Ashraf, M.S., Hassan Shah, M.U., Bokhari, A., Hasan, M.
Format: Article
Published: Elsevier Ltd 2021
Online Access:https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85109215836&doi=10.1016%2fj.jclepro.2021.128208&partnerID=40&md5=bfe5072f35f22746d6c2d2c95c7f2b8e
http://eprints.utp.edu.my/23944/
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spelling my.utp.eprints.239442021-08-19T13:23:26Z Less is more: Optimising the biocementation of coastal sands by reducing influent urea through response surface method Ashraf, M.S. Hassan Shah, M.U. Bokhari, A. Hasan, M. The excessive effluent ammonia produced during the conventional biocementation of coastal sands by ureolytic Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) poses a looming threat to the marine environment. This research mitigates this threat by employing a brute force deployment of the Response Surface Method (RSM) for optimal minimisation of urea, which is the primary contributor of this effluent ammonia, to develop a sustainable MICP treatment model for the biocementation of coastal sand columns. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and calcium carbonate content (CCC) results of these columns, measured during their UCS and gravimetric acid washing testing, were used in this developed model for its validation and further optimisation. The biocementation solution resulting from this finally optimised MICP model used 75 lesser influent urea per gram of sand than its predecessor treatment model and still significantly improved the UCS of biocemented sand columns (from 0 kPa to 111.63 kPa). The structural analyses (XRD, FESEM) of these biocemented columns showed the adsorption of calcium carbonate and nesquehonite crystals on sand grains. This reduction in the consumption of urea significantly lowers the production of effluent ammonia during the biocementation of coastal sands. Therefore, it is suggested that this optimised MICP treatment model offers a sustainable method for strengthening coastal sands with little to no effect on the natural mosaic of their subsurface ecosystems. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd Elsevier Ltd 2021 Article NonPeerReviewed https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85109215836&doi=10.1016%2fj.jclepro.2021.128208&partnerID=40&md5=bfe5072f35f22746d6c2d2c95c7f2b8e Ashraf, M.S. and Hassan Shah, M.U. and Bokhari, A. and Hasan, M. (2021) Less is more: Optimising the biocementation of coastal sands by reducing influent urea through response surface method. Journal of Cleaner Production, 315 . http://eprints.utp.edu.my/23944/
institution Universiti Teknologi Petronas
building UTP Resource Centre
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Petronas
content_source UTP Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utp.edu.my/
description The excessive effluent ammonia produced during the conventional biocementation of coastal sands by ureolytic Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) poses a looming threat to the marine environment. This research mitigates this threat by employing a brute force deployment of the Response Surface Method (RSM) for optimal minimisation of urea, which is the primary contributor of this effluent ammonia, to develop a sustainable MICP treatment model for the biocementation of coastal sand columns. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and calcium carbonate content (CCC) results of these columns, measured during their UCS and gravimetric acid washing testing, were used in this developed model for its validation and further optimisation. The biocementation solution resulting from this finally optimised MICP model used 75 lesser influent urea per gram of sand than its predecessor treatment model and still significantly improved the UCS of biocemented sand columns (from 0 kPa to 111.63 kPa). The structural analyses (XRD, FESEM) of these biocemented columns showed the adsorption of calcium carbonate and nesquehonite crystals on sand grains. This reduction in the consumption of urea significantly lowers the production of effluent ammonia during the biocementation of coastal sands. Therefore, it is suggested that this optimised MICP treatment model offers a sustainable method for strengthening coastal sands with little to no effect on the natural mosaic of their subsurface ecosystems. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
format Article
author Ashraf, M.S.
Hassan Shah, M.U.
Bokhari, A.
Hasan, M.
spellingShingle Ashraf, M.S.
Hassan Shah, M.U.
Bokhari, A.
Hasan, M.
Less is more: Optimising the biocementation of coastal sands by reducing influent urea through response surface method
author_facet Ashraf, M.S.
Hassan Shah, M.U.
Bokhari, A.
Hasan, M.
author_sort Ashraf, M.S.
title Less is more: Optimising the biocementation of coastal sands by reducing influent urea through response surface method
title_short Less is more: Optimising the biocementation of coastal sands by reducing influent urea through response surface method
title_full Less is more: Optimising the biocementation of coastal sands by reducing influent urea through response surface method
title_fullStr Less is more: Optimising the biocementation of coastal sands by reducing influent urea through response surface method
title_full_unstemmed Less is more: Optimising the biocementation of coastal sands by reducing influent urea through response surface method
title_sort less is more: optimising the biocementation of coastal sands by reducing influent urea through response surface method
publisher Elsevier Ltd
publishDate 2021
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85109215836&doi=10.1016%2fj.jclepro.2021.128208&partnerID=40&md5=bfe5072f35f22746d6c2d2c95c7f2b8e
http://eprints.utp.edu.my/23944/
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score 13.211869

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