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Genotoxicity assessment of raw and treated water samples using Allium cepa assay: evidence from Perak River, Malaysia

Allium cepa assay was carried out in this study to evaluate genotoxic effects of raw and treated water samples from Perak River in Perak state, Malaysia. Samples were collected from three surface water treatment plants along the river, namely WTPP, WTPS, and WTPK. Initially, triplicates of equal siz...

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Main Authors: Malakahmad, A., Manan, T.S.B.A., Sivapalan, S., Khan, T.
Format: Article
Published: Springer Verlag 2018
Online Access:https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85037667242&doi=10.1007%2fs11356-017-0721-8&partnerID=40&md5=59d7a7ecac9106ee1f7168eb9234feb8
http://eprints.utp.edu.my/21793/
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spelling my.utp.eprints.217932019-01-07T07:46:33Z Genotoxicity assessment of raw and treated water samples using Allium cepa assay: evidence from Perak River, Malaysia Malakahmad, A. Manan, T.S.B.A. Sivapalan, S. Khan, T. Allium cepa assay was carried out in this study to evaluate genotoxic effects of raw and treated water samples from Perak River in Perak state, Malaysia. Samples were collected from three surface water treatment plants along the river, namely WTPP, WTPS, and WTPK. Initially, triplicates of equal size Allium cepa (onions) bulbs, 25�30 mm in diameter and average weight of 20 g, were set up in distilled water for 24 h at 20 ± 2 °C and protected from direct sunlight, to let the roots to grow. After germination of roots (0.5�1.0 cm in length), bulbs were transferred to collected water samples each for a 96-h period of exposure. The root physical deformations were observed. Genotoxicity quantification was based on mitotic index and genotoxicity level. Statistical analysis using cross-correlation function for replicates from treated water showed that root length has inverse correlation with mitotic indices (r = � 0.969) and frequencies of cell aberrations (r = � 0.976) at lag 1. Mitotic indices and cell aberrations of replicates from raw water have shown positive correlation at lag 1 (r = 0.946). Genotoxicity levels obtained were 23.4 ± 1.98 (WTPP), 26.68 ± 0.34 (WTPS), and 30.4 ± 1.13 (WTPK) for treated water and 17.8 ± 0.18 (WTPP), 37.15 ± 0.17 (WTPS), and 47.2 ± 0.48 (WTPK) for raw water. The observed cell aberrations were adherence, chromosome delay, C-metaphase, chromosome loss, chromosome bridge, chromosome breaks, binucleated cell, mini cell, and lobulated nuclei. The morphogenetic deformations obtained were likely due to genotoxic substances presence in collected water samples. Thus, water treatment in Malaysia does not remove genotoxic compounds. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. Springer Verlag 2018 Article PeerReviewed https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85037667242&doi=10.1007%2fs11356-017-0721-8&partnerID=40&md5=59d7a7ecac9106ee1f7168eb9234feb8 Malakahmad, A. and Manan, T.S.B.A. and Sivapalan, S. and Khan, T. (2018) Genotoxicity assessment of raw and treated water samples using Allium cepa assay: evidence from Perak River, Malaysia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25 (6). pp. 5421-5436. http://eprints.utp.edu.my/21793/
institution Universiti Teknologi Petronas
building UTP Resource Centre
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Petronas
content_source UTP Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utp.edu.my/
description Allium cepa assay was carried out in this study to evaluate genotoxic effects of raw and treated water samples from Perak River in Perak state, Malaysia. Samples were collected from three surface water treatment plants along the river, namely WTPP, WTPS, and WTPK. Initially, triplicates of equal size Allium cepa (onions) bulbs, 25�30 mm in diameter and average weight of 20 g, were set up in distilled water for 24 h at 20 ± 2 °C and protected from direct sunlight, to let the roots to grow. After germination of roots (0.5�1.0 cm in length), bulbs were transferred to collected water samples each for a 96-h period of exposure. The root physical deformations were observed. Genotoxicity quantification was based on mitotic index and genotoxicity level. Statistical analysis using cross-correlation function for replicates from treated water showed that root length has inverse correlation with mitotic indices (r = � 0.969) and frequencies of cell aberrations (r = � 0.976) at lag 1. Mitotic indices and cell aberrations of replicates from raw water have shown positive correlation at lag 1 (r = 0.946). Genotoxicity levels obtained were 23.4 ± 1.98 (WTPP), 26.68 ± 0.34 (WTPS), and 30.4 ± 1.13 (WTPK) for treated water and 17.8 ± 0.18 (WTPP), 37.15 ± 0.17 (WTPS), and 47.2 ± 0.48 (WTPK) for raw water. The observed cell aberrations were adherence, chromosome delay, C-metaphase, chromosome loss, chromosome bridge, chromosome breaks, binucleated cell, mini cell, and lobulated nuclei. The morphogenetic deformations obtained were likely due to genotoxic substances presence in collected water samples. Thus, water treatment in Malaysia does not remove genotoxic compounds. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
format Article
author Malakahmad, A.
Manan, T.S.B.A.
Sivapalan, S.
Khan, T.
spellingShingle Malakahmad, A.
Manan, T.S.B.A.
Sivapalan, S.
Khan, T.
Genotoxicity assessment of raw and treated water samples using Allium cepa assay: evidence from Perak River, Malaysia
author_facet Malakahmad, A.
Manan, T.S.B.A.
Sivapalan, S.
Khan, T.
author_sort Malakahmad, A.
title Genotoxicity assessment of raw and treated water samples using Allium cepa assay: evidence from Perak River, Malaysia
title_short Genotoxicity assessment of raw and treated water samples using Allium cepa assay: evidence from Perak River, Malaysia
title_full Genotoxicity assessment of raw and treated water samples using Allium cepa assay: evidence from Perak River, Malaysia
title_fullStr Genotoxicity assessment of raw and treated water samples using Allium cepa assay: evidence from Perak River, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed Genotoxicity assessment of raw and treated water samples using Allium cepa assay: evidence from Perak River, Malaysia
title_sort genotoxicity assessment of raw and treated water samples using allium cepa assay: evidence from perak river, malaysia
publisher Springer Verlag
publishDate 2018
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85037667242&doi=10.1007%2fs11356-017-0721-8&partnerID=40&md5=59d7a7ecac9106ee1f7168eb9234feb8
http://eprints.utp.edu.my/21793/
_version_ 1738656338979848192
score 13.222552

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