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Radiation grafted Bi-functional cation exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery

Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) utilizing cation exchange membrane (CEM) has the potential as a non-degradable large-scale energy storage for sustainable energy. Nafion with PTFE backbone with the acidic sulfonic groups is the most common membrane for VRFB. However, Nafion is expensive, and suffe...

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Main Author: Hamzah, Hairul Mardiah
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2022
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T Technology (General)
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/99609/1/HairulMardiahHamzahMMJIIT2022.pdf
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spelling my.utm.996092023-03-05T08:34:41Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/99609/ Radiation grafted Bi-functional cation exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery Hamzah, Hairul Mardiah T Technology (General) Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) utilizing cation exchange membrane (CEM) has the potential as a non-degradable large-scale energy storage for sustainable energy. Nafion with PTFE backbone with the acidic sulfonic groups is the most common membrane for VRFB. However, Nafion is expensive, and suffers from vanadium ion crossover, produces low ion selectivity results in severe capacity decay and voltage declination in an open circuit, and these drawbacks lead to self-discharge. Polymer-based radiation grafted membrane with two-functional groups of monomer collaborated cells is considered as one alternative to overcome the weakness of Nafion. This research produced a reduced-crossover vanadium ion membrane that has commercial value through one-step pre-irradiation grafting of two functional groups of monomers onto the ETFE polymer backbone. The modification of ETFE membrane was completed by one-step radiation grafting polymerization process. The manipulation of the two types of monomers, types of solvents used, reaction time and temperature were optimized to obtain the targeted degree of grafting. The targeted grafting yield of <180% poly (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene)-g-styrene sulfonic acid-g-N-Vinyl formamide (ETFE-SSS-VNF) was successfully achieved. Characterization analysis of the membranes using FTIR and XPS analyses showed the new peaks from SSS and NVF monomers marked the attachment of C=O, O-H, N-H stretching and S=O functional groups onto ETFE film. The cross-section of modified membrane through FESEM-EDS and mapping displayed the monomers were well distributed through ETFE membrane. The modified ETFE membrane exhibited extremely low vanadium crossover while sustaining high conductivity. In the single-cell VRFB test, the modified membrane provided higher coulombic efficiencies up to 96%, and energy efficiencies (EE: 81-84%) higher than commercial membrane N117(EE: 59.7-60.8%) at a current density of 40 mA/cm2. Incorporating -SO3 group from SSS monomers and -N-C=O group from NVF monomers provided high proton conductivity and hindered vanadium ion crossover, demonstrating their high performance as a potential ion exchange membrane for VRFB application. The modification of ETFE membrane with low vanadium ion crossover is a promising new CEM for VRFB application. 2022 Thesis NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/99609/1/HairulMardiahHamzahMMJIIT2022.pdf Hamzah, Hairul Mardiah (2022) Radiation grafted Bi-functional cation exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery. Masters thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:150859
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
language English
topic T Technology (General)
spellingShingle T Technology (General)
Hamzah, Hairul Mardiah
Radiation grafted Bi-functional cation exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery
description Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) utilizing cation exchange membrane (CEM) has the potential as a non-degradable large-scale energy storage for sustainable energy. Nafion with PTFE backbone with the acidic sulfonic groups is the most common membrane for VRFB. However, Nafion is expensive, and suffers from vanadium ion crossover, produces low ion selectivity results in severe capacity decay and voltage declination in an open circuit, and these drawbacks lead to self-discharge. Polymer-based radiation grafted membrane with two-functional groups of monomer collaborated cells is considered as one alternative to overcome the weakness of Nafion. This research produced a reduced-crossover vanadium ion membrane that has commercial value through one-step pre-irradiation grafting of two functional groups of monomers onto the ETFE polymer backbone. The modification of ETFE membrane was completed by one-step radiation grafting polymerization process. The manipulation of the two types of monomers, types of solvents used, reaction time and temperature were optimized to obtain the targeted degree of grafting. The targeted grafting yield of <180% poly (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene)-g-styrene sulfonic acid-g-N-Vinyl formamide (ETFE-SSS-VNF) was successfully achieved. Characterization analysis of the membranes using FTIR and XPS analyses showed the new peaks from SSS and NVF monomers marked the attachment of C=O, O-H, N-H stretching and S=O functional groups onto ETFE film. The cross-section of modified membrane through FESEM-EDS and mapping displayed the monomers were well distributed through ETFE membrane. The modified ETFE membrane exhibited extremely low vanadium crossover while sustaining high conductivity. In the single-cell VRFB test, the modified membrane provided higher coulombic efficiencies up to 96%, and energy efficiencies (EE: 81-84%) higher than commercial membrane N117(EE: 59.7-60.8%) at a current density of 40 mA/cm2. Incorporating -SO3 group from SSS monomers and -N-C=O group from NVF monomers provided high proton conductivity and hindered vanadium ion crossover, demonstrating their high performance as a potential ion exchange membrane for VRFB application. The modification of ETFE membrane with low vanadium ion crossover is a promising new CEM for VRFB application.
format Thesis
author Hamzah, Hairul Mardiah
author_facet Hamzah, Hairul Mardiah
author_sort Hamzah, Hairul Mardiah
title Radiation grafted Bi-functional cation exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery
title_short Radiation grafted Bi-functional cation exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery
title_full Radiation grafted Bi-functional cation exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery
title_fullStr Radiation grafted Bi-functional cation exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery
title_full_unstemmed Radiation grafted Bi-functional cation exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery
title_sort radiation grafted bi-functional cation exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery
publishDate 2022
url http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/99609/1/HairulMardiahHamzahMMJIIT2022.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/99609/
http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:150859
_version_ 1759689426626150400
score 13.211869

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