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Synthesis of N, N(1,3-phenylene)dimethanimine: A useful resource for the removal of free fatty acid in waste vegetable oil

Developing an efficient material for the removal of free fatty acids (FFAs) in waste vegetable oil is a challenge in the refining of vegetable oil in food and oleochemical industries. In response to this, N,N(1, 3-phenylene)dimethanimine (NPD) was synthesized via green reaction route without involvi...

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Main Authors: Ushedo, Titilope R., Adeyemi, Olalere G., Adewuyi, Adewale, Lau, Woei J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier B.V. 2022
Subjects:
TP Chemical technology
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/99607/1/LauWoeiJye2022_SynthesisofNN13PhenyleneDimethanimineAUsefulResource.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/99607/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01188
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spelling my.utm.996072023-03-05T08:31:05Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/99607/ Synthesis of N, N(1,3-phenylene)dimethanimine: A useful resource for the removal of free fatty acid in waste vegetable oil Ushedo, Titilope R. Adeyemi, Olalere G. Adewuyi, Adewale Lau, Woei J. TP Chemical technology Developing an efficient material for the removal of free fatty acids (FFAs) in waste vegetable oil is a challenge in the refining of vegetable oil in food and oleochemical industries. In response to this, N,N(1, 3-phenylene)dimethanimine (NPD) was synthesized via green reaction route without involving solvent. NPD was characterized using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). NPD was then applied as a material for the removal of FFA from waste cooking oil (WCO). The synthesis process gave a high yield of 95% of NPD. The FTIR result revealed different functional groups in NPD, the TG showed mass loss at diverse temperature range revealing loss at 80–150, 180–250, 250–410 and 410–600 °C while loss above 600 °C was assigned to loss of char. while TEM revealed the surface of NPD to be smooth with an irregular shape. EDX results further demonstrated the presence of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon in NPD. Removal of FFA from WCO may be described by pseudo-second-order with an adsorption capacity of 42.30 L kg-1. The process obeyed Langmuir isotherm with ?H of -0.679 kJ mol-1 and ?S of -0.049 kJ mol-1 K-1 while ?G increased with increase in temperature. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) concept was used to explain the action of NPD as an adsorbent with the aid of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). It revealed the mechanism of removal of FFA from WCO by NPD to be via nucleophilic interaction. Elsevier B.V. 2022 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/99607/1/LauWoeiJye2022_SynthesisofNN13PhenyleneDimethanimineAUsefulResource.pdf Ushedo, Titilope R. and Adeyemi, Olalere G. and Adewuyi, Adewale and Lau, Woei J. (2022) Synthesis of N, N(1,3-phenylene)dimethanimine: A useful resource for the removal of free fatty acid in waste vegetable oil. Scientific African, 16 (NA). pp. 1-10. ISSN 2468-2276 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01188 DOI : 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01188
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
language English
topic TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle TP Chemical technology
Ushedo, Titilope R.
Adeyemi, Olalere G.
Adewuyi, Adewale
Lau, Woei J.
Synthesis of N, N(1,3-phenylene)dimethanimine: A useful resource for the removal of free fatty acid in waste vegetable oil
description Developing an efficient material for the removal of free fatty acids (FFAs) in waste vegetable oil is a challenge in the refining of vegetable oil in food and oleochemical industries. In response to this, N,N(1, 3-phenylene)dimethanimine (NPD) was synthesized via green reaction route without involving solvent. NPD was characterized using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). NPD was then applied as a material for the removal of FFA from waste cooking oil (WCO). The synthesis process gave a high yield of 95% of NPD. The FTIR result revealed different functional groups in NPD, the TG showed mass loss at diverse temperature range revealing loss at 80–150, 180–250, 250–410 and 410–600 °C while loss above 600 °C was assigned to loss of char. while TEM revealed the surface of NPD to be smooth with an irregular shape. EDX results further demonstrated the presence of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon in NPD. Removal of FFA from WCO may be described by pseudo-second-order with an adsorption capacity of 42.30 L kg-1. The process obeyed Langmuir isotherm with ?H of -0.679 kJ mol-1 and ?S of -0.049 kJ mol-1 K-1 while ?G increased with increase in temperature. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) concept was used to explain the action of NPD as an adsorbent with the aid of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). It revealed the mechanism of removal of FFA from WCO by NPD to be via nucleophilic interaction.
format Article
author Ushedo, Titilope R.
Adeyemi, Olalere G.
Adewuyi, Adewale
Lau, Woei J.
author_facet Ushedo, Titilope R.
Adeyemi, Olalere G.
Adewuyi, Adewale
Lau, Woei J.
author_sort Ushedo, Titilope R.
title Synthesis of N, N(1,3-phenylene)dimethanimine: A useful resource for the removal of free fatty acid in waste vegetable oil
title_short Synthesis of N, N(1,3-phenylene)dimethanimine: A useful resource for the removal of free fatty acid in waste vegetable oil
title_full Synthesis of N, N(1,3-phenylene)dimethanimine: A useful resource for the removal of free fatty acid in waste vegetable oil
title_fullStr Synthesis of N, N(1,3-phenylene)dimethanimine: A useful resource for the removal of free fatty acid in waste vegetable oil
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis of N, N(1,3-phenylene)dimethanimine: A useful resource for the removal of free fatty acid in waste vegetable oil
title_sort synthesis of n, n(1,3-phenylene)dimethanimine: a useful resource for the removal of free fatty acid in waste vegetable oil
publisher Elsevier B.V.
publishDate 2022
url http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/99607/1/LauWoeiJye2022_SynthesisofNN13PhenyleneDimethanimineAUsefulResource.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/99607/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01188
_version_ 1759689426343034880
score 13.211869

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