Staff View: Laundry soap production from the respective tallows of goat, sheep and cow: evaluation of physicochemical properties for the best

Laundry soap production from the respective tallows of goat, sheep and cow: evaluation of physicochemical properties for the best

Tallow mainly consists of triglycerides, whose major constituents are derived from stearic, palmitic and oleic acids, and its usage reduces production cost of soap, adds lather stability and hardness to soap. Laundry soaps were produced with variation on amount of tallow (sourced from cow, sheep and...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Isah, Abdullahi Nwaha, Asli, Umi Aisah, Audu, Nasiru, Bello, Sadiku Itopa, Waziri, Jibrin, Salihu, Siyaka Omonowo
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Sciencedomain International 2021
Subjects:	Q Science (General) TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/97237/1/UmiAisahAsli2021_LaundrySoapProductionfromtheRespectiveTallows.pdf http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/97237/ http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2021/v22i330393
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	my.utm.97237
record_format	eprints
spelling	my.utm.972372022-09-23T04:20:31Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/97237/ Laundry soap production from the respective tallows of goat, sheep and cow: evaluation of physicochemical properties for the best Isah, Abdullahi Nwaha Asli, Umi Aisah Audu, Nasiru Bello, Sadiku Itopa Waziri, Jibrin Salihu, Siyaka Omonowo Q Science (General) TP Chemical technology Tallow mainly consists of triglycerides, whose major constituents are derived from stearic, palmitic and oleic acids, and its usage reduces production cost of soap, adds lather stability and hardness to soap. Laundry soaps were produced with variation on amount of tallow (sourced from cow, sheep and goat) and labelled as A, B, C, D and E formulations. The respective tallows were characterized in terms of saponification value and acid value and determined to be 192.14 and 2.24mg KOH/g (cow tallow); 200.56 and 2.38mgKOH/g (sheep tallow) and 197.75 and 1.96 mgKOH/g (goat tallow). The physicochemical properties of soap which determine its area of usage and cleansing properties were determined. The properties considered in this work were hardness, moisture content, foam capacity, pH, free acidity content, and total fatty matter. The hardness, moisture content, foam capacity, pH, free acidity content and total fatty matter of the produced soaps were determined and ranged between mild-deep penetration level; 11-21%; 1-9cm; 8-10.5; 0.16-0.82% and 40-86% respectively. From the comparative analysis, soap made from sheep tallow has the lowest penetration level (with formulations B and E), lowest free acidity content of 0.16% (with formulation A), highest total fatty matter of 86% (using formulation E), highest foam height of 9cm (with formulation A), lowest moisture content of 11% (with formulation A) and mild alkalinity of 8 (with formulations A, B and E). These results showed that the soaps produced from sheep tallow are the best in terms of hardness, lather and skin friendliness, due to its high degree of longer carbon chain lengths of fatty acids. These values satisfy the standard limit set for good quality laundry soap by National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control and Encyclopaedia of Industrial Chemical Analysis, respectively. Sciencedomain International 2021 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/97237/1/UmiAisahAsli2021_LaundrySoapProductionfromtheRespectiveTallows.pdf Isah, Abdullahi Nwaha and Asli, Umi Aisah and Audu, Nasiru and Bello, Sadiku Itopa and Waziri, Jibrin and Salihu, Siyaka Omonowo (2021) Laundry soap production from the respective tallows of goat, sheep and cow: evaluation of physicochemical properties for the best. International Research Journal of Pure & Applied Chemistry, 22 (3). pp. 22-33. ISSN 2231-3443 http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2021/v22i330393 DOI:10.9734/irjpac/2021/v22i330393
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building	UTM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source	UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.utm.my/
language	English
topic	Q Science (General) TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	Q Science (General) TP Chemical technology Isah, Abdullahi Nwaha Asli, Umi Aisah Audu, Nasiru Bello, Sadiku Itopa Waziri, Jibrin Salihu, Siyaka Omonowo Laundry soap production from the respective tallows of goat, sheep and cow: evaluation of physicochemical properties for the best
description	Tallow mainly consists of triglycerides, whose major constituents are derived from stearic, palmitic and oleic acids, and its usage reduces production cost of soap, adds lather stability and hardness to soap. Laundry soaps were produced with variation on amount of tallow (sourced from cow, sheep and goat) and labelled as A, B, C, D and E formulations. The respective tallows were characterized in terms of saponification value and acid value and determined to be 192.14 and 2.24mg KOH/g (cow tallow); 200.56 and 2.38mgKOH/g (sheep tallow) and 197.75 and 1.96 mgKOH/g (goat tallow). The physicochemical properties of soap which determine its area of usage and cleansing properties were determined. The properties considered in this work were hardness, moisture content, foam capacity, pH, free acidity content, and total fatty matter. The hardness, moisture content, foam capacity, pH, free acidity content and total fatty matter of the produced soaps were determined and ranged between mild-deep penetration level; 11-21%; 1-9cm; 8-10.5; 0.16-0.82% and 40-86% respectively. From the comparative analysis, soap made from sheep tallow has the lowest penetration level (with formulations B and E), lowest free acidity content of 0.16% (with formulation A), highest total fatty matter of 86% (using formulation E), highest foam height of 9cm (with formulation A), lowest moisture content of 11% (with formulation A) and mild alkalinity of 8 (with formulations A, B and E). These results showed that the soaps produced from sheep tallow are the best in terms of hardness, lather and skin friendliness, due to its high degree of longer carbon chain lengths of fatty acids. These values satisfy the standard limit set for good quality laundry soap by National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control and Encyclopaedia of Industrial Chemical Analysis, respectively.
format	Article
author	Isah, Abdullahi Nwaha Asli, Umi Aisah Audu, Nasiru Bello, Sadiku Itopa Waziri, Jibrin Salihu, Siyaka Omonowo
author_facet	Isah, Abdullahi Nwaha Asli, Umi Aisah Audu, Nasiru Bello, Sadiku Itopa Waziri, Jibrin Salihu, Siyaka Omonowo
author_sort	Isah, Abdullahi Nwaha
title	Laundry soap production from the respective tallows of goat, sheep and cow: evaluation of physicochemical properties for the best
title_short	Laundry soap production from the respective tallows of goat, sheep and cow: evaluation of physicochemical properties for the best
title_full	Laundry soap production from the respective tallows of goat, sheep and cow: evaluation of physicochemical properties for the best
title_fullStr	Laundry soap production from the respective tallows of goat, sheep and cow: evaluation of physicochemical properties for the best
title_full_unstemmed	Laundry soap production from the respective tallows of goat, sheep and cow: evaluation of physicochemical properties for the best
title_sort	laundry soap production from the respective tallows of goat, sheep and cow: evaluation of physicochemical properties for the best
publisher	Sciencedomain International
publishDate	2021
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/97237/1/UmiAisahAsli2021_LaundrySoapProductionfromtheRespectiveTallows.pdf http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/97237/ http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2021/v22i330393
_version_	1745562355699286016
score	13.211869

Laundry soap production from the respective tallows of goat, sheep and cow: evaluation of physicochemical properties for the best

Similar Items