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A two-step so3h/icg catalyst synthesis for biodiesel production: optimization of sulfonation step via microwave irradiation

Conventional heating, a common method used for heterogeneous solid acid catalyst synthesis unknowingly con-sumes massive time and energy. In this study, acid catalyst was prepared through sulfonation process of incom-plete carbonized glucose (ICG) via microwave-Assisted technique to shorten the heat...

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Main Authors: Saimon, N. N., Ngadi, N., Jusoh, M., Zakaria, Z. Y.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Diponegoro University 2021
Subjects:
TP Chemical technology
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/95324/1/ZakiYamaniZakaria2021_ATwoStepSO3HICGCatalystSynthesis.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/95324/
http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/BCREC.16.1.9613.63-75
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spelling my.utm.953242022-04-29T22:21:36Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/95324/ A two-step so3h/icg catalyst synthesis for biodiesel production: optimization of sulfonation step via microwave irradiation Saimon, N. N. Ngadi, N. Jusoh, M. Zakaria, Z. Y. TP Chemical technology Conventional heating, a common method used for heterogeneous solid acid catalyst synthesis unknowingly con-sumes massive time and energy. In this study, acid catalyst was prepared through sulfonation process of incom-plete carbonized glucose (ICG) via microwave-Assisted technique to shorten the heating time and energy consump-Tion. Optimization of the sulfonation process of ICG via microwave-Assisted was carried out. Four-factor-Three-level central composite design (CCD) was used to develop the design of experiments (DOE). Interaction between two factors was evaluated to determine the optimum process conditions. A quadratic model was proposed for pre-diction of biodiesel yield (Y) from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and its conversion (C). The application of DOE successfully optimized the operating conditions for the two-step SO3H/ICG catalyst synthesis to be used for the es-Terification process. The optimized conditions of the best performing SO3H/ICG with maximum Y and C were at 7.5 minutes of reaction time, 159.5 mL of H2SO4 used, 671 rpm of stirring rate as well as 413.64 watt of power lev-el. At these optimum conditions the predicted yield percentage and conversion percentage were 94.01% and 91.89%, respectively, which experimentally verified the accuracy of the model. The utilization of sulfonated glucose solid acid catalyst via microwave-Assisted in biodiesel production has great potential towards sustainable and green method of synthesizing catalyst for biodiesel. Diponegoro University 2021 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/95324/1/ZakiYamaniZakaria2021_ATwoStepSO3HICGCatalystSynthesis.pdf Saimon, N. N. and Ngadi, N. and Jusoh, M. and Zakaria, Z. Y. (2021) A two-step so3h/icg catalyst synthesis for biodiesel production: optimization of sulfonation step via microwave irradiation. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 16 (1). ISSN 1978-2993 http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/BCREC.16.1.9613.63-75 DOI: 10.9767/BCREC.16.1.9613.63-75
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
language English
topic TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle TP Chemical technology
Saimon, N. N.
Ngadi, N.
Jusoh, M.
Zakaria, Z. Y.
A two-step so3h/icg catalyst synthesis for biodiesel production: optimization of sulfonation step via microwave irradiation
description Conventional heating, a common method used for heterogeneous solid acid catalyst synthesis unknowingly con-sumes massive time and energy. In this study, acid catalyst was prepared through sulfonation process of incom-plete carbonized glucose (ICG) via microwave-Assisted technique to shorten the heating time and energy consump-Tion. Optimization of the sulfonation process of ICG via microwave-Assisted was carried out. Four-factor-Three-level central composite design (CCD) was used to develop the design of experiments (DOE). Interaction between two factors was evaluated to determine the optimum process conditions. A quadratic model was proposed for pre-diction of biodiesel yield (Y) from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and its conversion (C). The application of DOE successfully optimized the operating conditions for the two-step SO3H/ICG catalyst synthesis to be used for the es-Terification process. The optimized conditions of the best performing SO3H/ICG with maximum Y and C were at 7.5 minutes of reaction time, 159.5 mL of H2SO4 used, 671 rpm of stirring rate as well as 413.64 watt of power lev-el. At these optimum conditions the predicted yield percentage and conversion percentage were 94.01% and 91.89%, respectively, which experimentally verified the accuracy of the model. The utilization of sulfonated glucose solid acid catalyst via microwave-Assisted in biodiesel production has great potential towards sustainable and green method of synthesizing catalyst for biodiesel.
format Article
author Saimon, N. N.
Ngadi, N.
Jusoh, M.
Zakaria, Z. Y.
author_facet Saimon, N. N.
Ngadi, N.
Jusoh, M.
Zakaria, Z. Y.
author_sort Saimon, N. N.
title A two-step so3h/icg catalyst synthesis for biodiesel production: optimization of sulfonation step via microwave irradiation
title_short A two-step so3h/icg catalyst synthesis for biodiesel production: optimization of sulfonation step via microwave irradiation
title_full A two-step so3h/icg catalyst synthesis for biodiesel production: optimization of sulfonation step via microwave irradiation
title_fullStr A two-step so3h/icg catalyst synthesis for biodiesel production: optimization of sulfonation step via microwave irradiation
title_full_unstemmed A two-step so3h/icg catalyst synthesis for biodiesel production: optimization of sulfonation step via microwave irradiation
title_sort two-step so3h/icg catalyst synthesis for biodiesel production: optimization of sulfonation step via microwave irradiation
publisher Diponegoro University
publishDate 2021
url http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/95324/1/ZakiYamaniZakaria2021_ATwoStepSO3HICGCatalystSynthesis.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/95324/
http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/BCREC.16.1.9613.63-75
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score 13.211869

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