Staff View: Stochastic geometry analysis of electromagnetic field exposure in coexisting sub-6 GHz and millimeter wave networks

Stochastic geometry analysis of electromagnetic field exposure in coexisting sub-6 GHz and millimeter wave networks

The deployment of sub-6 GHz macro-cell networks, which are overlaid by millimeter-wave (MMW) small-cells, is a promising method to accommodate the unprecedented growth of data traffic demands and user devices. Although such a hybrid network could provide seamless connectivity and achieve high-qualit...

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Main Authors:	Muhammad, N. A., Seman, N. H., Apandi, N. I. A., Chua, T. H.
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2021
Subjects:	TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/95279/1/NorAishahMuhammad2021_StochasticGeometryAnalysis.pdf http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/95279/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3103969
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spelling	my.utm.952792022-04-29T22:03:11Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/95279/ Stochastic geometry analysis of electromagnetic field exposure in coexisting sub-6 GHz and millimeter wave networks Muhammad, N. A. Seman, N. H. Apandi, N. I. A. Chua, T. H. TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering The deployment of sub-6 GHz macro-cell networks, which are overlaid by millimeter-wave (MMW) small-cells, is a promising method to accommodate the unprecedented growth of data traffic demands and user devices. Although such a hybrid network could provide seamless connectivity and achieve high-quality services, there is a need to ensure that the growing number of base stations (BSs) does not affect biological safety, especially when the BSs are operated at high frequencies. This paper focuses on an analytical framework to investigate the electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure in a cellular network with coexisting sub-6 GHz and MMW BSs using a stochastic geometry approach. Locations of sub-6 GHz and MMW BSs are modeled as Poisson point processes (PPP). By incorporating different channel propagation, antenna, and fading models for sub-6 GHz and MMW tiers, the incident power density (IPD) coverage probability and the average IPD are derived and validated by Monte Carlo simulations. The impact of various system parameters such as BS density, number of antenna elements, and blockage density are investigated to gain insights on the network scenario. The results demonstrate that the variation of the EMF exposure level closely depends on the BS density and the number of antennas deployed at the BS. The results also show that the receiver sensitivity has a significant impact on the average IPD. For the same receiver sensitivity, it is revealed that an MMW user is exposed to a higher average IPD level than the sub-6 GHz counterpart. The results are also compared with the existing international regulations. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2021 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/95279/1/NorAishahMuhammad2021_StochasticGeometryAnalysis.pdf Muhammad, N. A. and Seman, N. H. and Apandi, N. I. A. and Chua, T. H. (2021) Stochastic geometry analysis of electromagnetic field exposure in coexisting sub-6 GHz and millimeter wave networks. IEEE Access, 9 . pp. 112780-112791. ISSN 2169-3536 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3103969 DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3103969
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building	UTM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source	UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.utm.my/
language	English
topic	TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
spellingShingle	TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Muhammad, N. A. Seman, N. H. Apandi, N. I. A. Chua, T. H. Stochastic geometry analysis of electromagnetic field exposure in coexisting sub-6 GHz and millimeter wave networks
description	The deployment of sub-6 GHz macro-cell networks, which are overlaid by millimeter-wave (MMW) small-cells, is a promising method to accommodate the unprecedented growth of data traffic demands and user devices. Although such a hybrid network could provide seamless connectivity and achieve high-quality services, there is a need to ensure that the growing number of base stations (BSs) does not affect biological safety, especially when the BSs are operated at high frequencies. This paper focuses on an analytical framework to investigate the electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure in a cellular network with coexisting sub-6 GHz and MMW BSs using a stochastic geometry approach. Locations of sub-6 GHz and MMW BSs are modeled as Poisson point processes (PPP). By incorporating different channel propagation, antenna, and fading models for sub-6 GHz and MMW tiers, the incident power density (IPD) coverage probability and the average IPD are derived and validated by Monte Carlo simulations. The impact of various system parameters such as BS density, number of antenna elements, and blockage density are investigated to gain insights on the network scenario. The results demonstrate that the variation of the EMF exposure level closely depends on the BS density and the number of antennas deployed at the BS. The results also show that the receiver sensitivity has a significant impact on the average IPD. For the same receiver sensitivity, it is revealed that an MMW user is exposed to a higher average IPD level than the sub-6 GHz counterpart. The results are also compared with the existing international regulations.
format	Article
author	Muhammad, N. A. Seman, N. H. Apandi, N. I. A. Chua, T. H.
author_facet	Muhammad, N. A. Seman, N. H. Apandi, N. I. A. Chua, T. H.
author_sort	Muhammad, N. A.
title	Stochastic geometry analysis of electromagnetic field exposure in coexisting sub-6 GHz and millimeter wave networks
title_short	Stochastic geometry analysis of electromagnetic field exposure in coexisting sub-6 GHz and millimeter wave networks
title_full	Stochastic geometry analysis of electromagnetic field exposure in coexisting sub-6 GHz and millimeter wave networks
title_fullStr	Stochastic geometry analysis of electromagnetic field exposure in coexisting sub-6 GHz and millimeter wave networks
title_full_unstemmed	Stochastic geometry analysis of electromagnetic field exposure in coexisting sub-6 GHz and millimeter wave networks
title_sort	stochastic geometry analysis of electromagnetic field exposure in coexisting sub-6 ghz and millimeter wave networks
publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
publishDate	2021
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/95279/1/NorAishahMuhammad2021_StochasticGeometryAnalysis.pdf http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/95279/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3103969
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score	13.211869

Stochastic geometry analysis of electromagnetic field exposure in coexisting sub-6 GHz and millimeter wave networks

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