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Estimation of ocean thermal energy conversion resources in the east of Malaysia

The Malaysian Government has set a target of achieving 20% penetration of Renewable Energy (RE) in the energy mix spectrum by 2025. In order to get closer to the target, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) aligned with solar PV, biogas and biomass energy sources must be evaluated and comprehended...

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Main Authors:	T. Thirugnana, Sathiabama, Abu Bakar, Jaafar, Takeshi, Yasunaga, Tsutomu, Nakaoka, Yasuyuki, Ikegami, Suriyanti Su, Suriyanti Su
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2021
Subjects:	T Technology (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/94646/1/SathiabamaTThirugnana2021_EstimationofOceanThermalEnergyConversion.pdf http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/94646/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010022
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spelling	my.utm.946462022-03-31T15:51:49Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/94646/ Estimation of ocean thermal energy conversion resources in the east of Malaysia T. Thirugnana, Sathiabama Abu Bakar, Jaafar Takeshi, Yasunaga Tsutomu, Nakaoka Yasuyuki, Ikegami Suriyanti Su, Suriyanti Su T Technology (General) The Malaysian Government has set a target of achieving 20% penetration of Renewable Energy (RE) in the energy mix spectrum by 2025. In order to get closer to the target, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) aligned with solar PV, biogas and biomass energy sources must be evaluated and comprehended. Hybrid OTEC systems consisting of energy and water production are currently under research and validation. Therefore, for the construction of a commercial OTEC plant, 1 MW or 2.5 MW, the choice of a strategic location or potential site is vital. In this paper, oceanographic data such as seawater temperature, depth, salinity and dissolved oxygen obtained from the Japan Oceanographic Data Center (JODC) for Semporna, Tawau, Kudat, Pulau Layang-Layang and Pulau Kalumpang in Sabah, Malaysia, are reported. The RE available from the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) on the coast of Sabah was estimated based on the JODC data obtained. There were no remarkable differences in temperatures between the five sites, which were reported as approximately 27? C at the surface and 7? C at depths below 600 m. The surface salinities below 100 m at those sites were slightly lower than the deeper waters, where the salinity increased up to approximately 34.5 PSU. Dissolved oxygen data from the Pulau Kalumpang site showed a slight increment to approximately 4.7 mL/L at depth intervals below 50 m, before declining steadily to approximately 1.7 mL/L along with the depth. The temperature-salinity profiles of the Malaysian sites were congruent with those of Palau, Kumejima and Okinawa, but not with that of Fiji, where the salinity profile showed a distinct variation at the relative depth (below 200 m). Estimates of RE using two different methods were used to prove the potential of OTEC in Malaysia. MDPI AG 2021 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/94646/1/SathiabamaTThirugnana2021_EstimationofOceanThermalEnergyConversion.pdf T. Thirugnana, Sathiabama and Abu Bakar, Jaafar and Takeshi, Yasunaga and Tsutomu, Nakaoka and Yasuyuki, Ikegami and Suriyanti Su, Suriyanti Su (2021) Estimation of ocean thermal energy conversion resources in the east of Malaysia. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9 (1). pp. 1-11. ISSN 2077-1312 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010022
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building	UTM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source	UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.utm.my/
language	English
topic	T Technology (General)
spellingShingle	T Technology (General) T. Thirugnana, Sathiabama Abu Bakar, Jaafar Takeshi, Yasunaga Tsutomu, Nakaoka Yasuyuki, Ikegami Suriyanti Su, Suriyanti Su Estimation of ocean thermal energy conversion resources in the east of Malaysia
description	The Malaysian Government has set a target of achieving 20% penetration of Renewable Energy (RE) in the energy mix spectrum by 2025. In order to get closer to the target, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) aligned with solar PV, biogas and biomass energy sources must be evaluated and comprehended. Hybrid OTEC systems consisting of energy and water production are currently under research and validation. Therefore, for the construction of a commercial OTEC plant, 1 MW or 2.5 MW, the choice of a strategic location or potential site is vital. In this paper, oceanographic data such as seawater temperature, depth, salinity and dissolved oxygen obtained from the Japan Oceanographic Data Center (JODC) for Semporna, Tawau, Kudat, Pulau Layang-Layang and Pulau Kalumpang in Sabah, Malaysia, are reported. The RE available from the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) on the coast of Sabah was estimated based on the JODC data obtained. There were no remarkable differences in temperatures between the five sites, which were reported as approximately 27? C at the surface and 7? C at depths below 600 m. The surface salinities below 100 m at those sites were slightly lower than the deeper waters, where the salinity increased up to approximately 34.5 PSU. Dissolved oxygen data from the Pulau Kalumpang site showed a slight increment to approximately 4.7 mL/L at depth intervals below 50 m, before declining steadily to approximately 1.7 mL/L along with the depth. The temperature-salinity profiles of the Malaysian sites were congruent with those of Palau, Kumejima and Okinawa, but not with that of Fiji, where the salinity profile showed a distinct variation at the relative depth (below 200 m). Estimates of RE using two different methods were used to prove the potential of OTEC in Malaysia.
format	Article
author	T. Thirugnana, Sathiabama Abu Bakar, Jaafar Takeshi, Yasunaga Tsutomu, Nakaoka Yasuyuki, Ikegami Suriyanti Su, Suriyanti Su
author_facet	T. Thirugnana, Sathiabama Abu Bakar, Jaafar Takeshi, Yasunaga Tsutomu, Nakaoka Yasuyuki, Ikegami Suriyanti Su, Suriyanti Su
author_sort	T. Thirugnana, Sathiabama
title	Estimation of ocean thermal energy conversion resources in the east of Malaysia
title_short	Estimation of ocean thermal energy conversion resources in the east of Malaysia
title_full	Estimation of ocean thermal energy conversion resources in the east of Malaysia
title_fullStr	Estimation of ocean thermal energy conversion resources in the east of Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Estimation of ocean thermal energy conversion resources in the east of Malaysia
title_sort	estimation of ocean thermal energy conversion resources in the east of malaysia
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/94646/1/SathiabamaTThirugnana2021_EstimationofOceanThermalEnergyConversion.pdf http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/94646/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010022
_version_	1729703201500823552
score	13.211869

Estimation of ocean thermal energy conversion resources in the east of Malaysia

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