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Ductile "Ice": frozen hydrogels with high ductility and compressive yielding strength

Ice, the solid state of water, which mainly consists of a hexagonal crystal structure in bulk, is usually very brittle. Although ice appears less brittle under compression or shear at a relatively low strain rate, it is by no means a ductile material as metal and is seldom considered as an engineeri...

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Main Authors:	Rao, Ping, Li, Tiefeng, Wu, Zi liang, Hong, Wei, Yang, Xuxu, Yu, Honghui, Wong, Tuck-Whye, Qu, Shaoxing, Yang, Wei
Format:	Article
Published:	Elsevier Ltd. 2019
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/89003/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2019.02.008
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id	my.utm.89003
record_format	eprints
spelling	my.utm.890032021-01-26T08:38:58Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/89003/ Ductile "Ice": frozen hydrogels with high ductility and compressive yielding strength Rao, Ping Li, Tiefeng Wu, Zi liang Hong, Wei Yang, Xuxu Yu, Honghui Wong, Tuck-Whye Qu, Shaoxing Yang, Wei TP Chemical technology Ice, the solid state of water, which mainly consists of a hexagonal crystal structure in bulk, is usually very brittle. Although ice appears less brittle under compression or shear at a relatively low strain rate, it is by no means a ductile material as metal and is seldom considered as an engineering material in applications other than igloos. We report herein the astonishing ductility and high compressive yielding strength of a polymeric hydrogel in a frozen state. Containing 88 wt. % of water, the hydrogel appears like ice when frozen, and embraces most other physical properties of ice. Meanwhile, the frozen hydrogel not only shows a high compressive modulus (∼1 GPa at -25 °C) and yielding strength (∼20 MPa at -25 °C), but is also ductile enough to sustain extremely large deformation such as bending, twisting, stretching, extensive shaping, and even machining in a large low temperature range. The ductility at a high strain rate also makes it a material with a significant impact resistivity. Moreover, the frozen gel also exhibits the repeatable ductility - the large plastic deformation is completely recoverable at an elevated temperature. These results will be important towards developing low-cost and environment-friendly engineering materials used in a low temperature range when ductility and reusability is required. Elsevier Ltd. 2019-04 Article PeerReviewed Rao, Ping and Li, Tiefeng and Wu, Zi liang and Hong, Wei and Yang, Xuxu and Yu, Honghui and Wong, Tuck-Whye and Qu, Shaoxing and Yang, Wei (2019) Ductile "Ice": frozen hydrogels with high ductility and compressive yielding strength. Extreme Mechanics Letters, 28 . pp. 43-49. ISSN 2352-4316 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2019.02.008 DOI:10.1016/j.eml.2019.02.008
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building	UTM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source	UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.utm.my/
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Rao, Ping Li, Tiefeng Wu, Zi liang Hong, Wei Yang, Xuxu Yu, Honghui Wong, Tuck-Whye Qu, Shaoxing Yang, Wei Ductile "Ice": frozen hydrogels with high ductility and compressive yielding strength
description	Ice, the solid state of water, which mainly consists of a hexagonal crystal structure in bulk, is usually very brittle. Although ice appears less brittle under compression or shear at a relatively low strain rate, it is by no means a ductile material as metal and is seldom considered as an engineering material in applications other than igloos. We report herein the astonishing ductility and high compressive yielding strength of a polymeric hydrogel in a frozen state. Containing 88 wt. % of water, the hydrogel appears like ice when frozen, and embraces most other physical properties of ice. Meanwhile, the frozen hydrogel not only shows a high compressive modulus (∼1 GPa at -25 °C) and yielding strength (∼20 MPa at -25 °C), but is also ductile enough to sustain extremely large deformation such as bending, twisting, stretching, extensive shaping, and even machining in a large low temperature range. The ductility at a high strain rate also makes it a material with a significant impact resistivity. Moreover, the frozen gel also exhibits the repeatable ductility - the large plastic deformation is completely recoverable at an elevated temperature. These results will be important towards developing low-cost and environment-friendly engineering materials used in a low temperature range when ductility and reusability is required.
format	Article
author	Rao, Ping Li, Tiefeng Wu, Zi liang Hong, Wei Yang, Xuxu Yu, Honghui Wong, Tuck-Whye Qu, Shaoxing Yang, Wei
author_facet	Rao, Ping Li, Tiefeng Wu, Zi liang Hong, Wei Yang, Xuxu Yu, Honghui Wong, Tuck-Whye Qu, Shaoxing Yang, Wei
author_sort	Rao, Ping
title	Ductile "Ice": frozen hydrogels with high ductility and compressive yielding strength
title_short	Ductile "Ice": frozen hydrogels with high ductility and compressive yielding strength
title_full	Ductile "Ice": frozen hydrogels with high ductility and compressive yielding strength
title_fullStr	Ductile "Ice": frozen hydrogels with high ductility and compressive yielding strength
title_full_unstemmed	Ductile "Ice": frozen hydrogels with high ductility and compressive yielding strength
title_sort	ductile "ice": frozen hydrogels with high ductility and compressive yielding strength
publisher	Elsevier Ltd.
publishDate	2019
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/89003/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2019.02.008
_version_	1690370955609636864
score	13.211869

Ductile "Ice": frozen hydrogels with high ductility and compressive yielding strength

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