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Socio-economic and environmental factors influenced the united nations healthcare sustainable agenda: evidence from a panel of selected Asian and African countries

The objective of the study is to evaluate socio-economic and environmental factors that influenced the United Nations healthcare sustainable agenda in a panel of 21 Asian and African countries. The results show that changes in price level (0.0062, p < 0.000), life risks of maternal death (4.579,...

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Main Authors: Saleem, Hummera, Jiandong, Wen, Mohammed Aldakhil, Abdullah, A. Nassani, Abdelmohsen, Qazi Abro, Muhammad Moinuddin, Zaman, Khalid, Khan, Aqeel, Hassan, Zainudin, Mohd. Rameli, Mohd. Rustam
Format: Article
Published: Springer Verlag 2019
Subjects:
H Social Sciences (General)
L Education (General)
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/87702/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04692-3
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spelling my.utm.877022020-11-30T13:09:03Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/87702/ Socio-economic and environmental factors influenced the united nations healthcare sustainable agenda: evidence from a panel of selected Asian and African countries Saleem, Hummera Jiandong, Wen Mohammed Aldakhil, Abdullah A. Nassani, Abdelmohsen Qazi Abro, Muhammad Moinuddin Zaman, Khalid Khan, Aqeel Hassan, Zainudin Mohd. Rameli, Mohd. Rustam H Social Sciences (General) L Education (General) The objective of the study is to evaluate socio-economic and environmental factors that influenced the United Nations healthcare sustainable agenda in a panel of 21 Asian and African countries. The results show that changes in price level (0.0062, p < 0.000), life risks of maternal death (4.579, p < 0.000), and under-5 mortality rate (0.374, p < 0.000) substantially increases out-of-pocket health expenditures, while CO 2 emissions (5.681, p < 0.003), prevalence of undernourishment (15.184, p < 0.000), PM 2.5 particulate emission (1557, p < 0.000), unemployment, and private health expenditures (30.729, p < 0000) are associated with high mortality rate across countries. Healthcare reforms affected by low healthcare spending, unsustainable environment, and ease of environmental regulations that ultimately increases mortality rate across countries. The Granger causality estimates confirmed the different causal mechanisms between socio-economic and environmental factors, which is directly linked with the country’s healthcare agenda, i.e., the causality running from (i) CO 2 emissions to life risks of maternal death and under-5 mortality rate, (ii) from depth of food deficit to incidence of tuberculosis and unemployment, (iii) from PM 2.5 emissions to infant mortality rate, (iv) from foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to PM 2.5 emissions, (v) from trade openness to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and (vi) from mortality indicators to per capita income, while there is a feedback relationship between health expenditures and per capita income across countries. The variance decomposition analysis shows that (i) under-5 mortality rate will increase out-of-pocket health expenditures, (ii) unemployment rate will increase mortality indicators, and (iii) health expenditures will increase economic well-being in a panel of selected countries, for the next 10 years. Springer Verlag 2019 Article PeerReviewed Saleem, Hummera and Jiandong, Wen and Mohammed Aldakhil, Abdullah and A. Nassani, Abdelmohsen and Qazi Abro, Muhammad Moinuddin and Zaman, Khalid and Khan, Aqeel and Hassan, Zainudin and Mohd. Rameli, Mohd. Rustam (2019) Socio-economic and environmental factors influenced the united nations healthcare sustainable agenda: evidence from a panel of selected Asian and African countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26 . pp. 14435-14460. ISSN 0944-1344 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04692-3 DOI:10.1007/s11356-019-04692-3
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
topic H Social Sciences (General)
L Education (General)
spellingShingle H Social Sciences (General)
L Education (General)
Saleem, Hummera
Jiandong, Wen
Mohammed Aldakhil, Abdullah
A. Nassani, Abdelmohsen
Qazi Abro, Muhammad Moinuddin
Zaman, Khalid
Khan, Aqeel
Hassan, Zainudin
Mohd. Rameli, Mohd. Rustam
Socio-economic and environmental factors influenced the united nations healthcare sustainable agenda: evidence from a panel of selected Asian and African countries
description The objective of the study is to evaluate socio-economic and environmental factors that influenced the United Nations healthcare sustainable agenda in a panel of 21 Asian and African countries. The results show that changes in price level (0.0062, p < 0.000), life risks of maternal death (4.579, p < 0.000), and under-5 mortality rate (0.374, p < 0.000) substantially increases out-of-pocket health expenditures, while CO 2 emissions (5.681, p < 0.003), prevalence of undernourishment (15.184, p < 0.000), PM 2.5 particulate emission (1557, p < 0.000), unemployment, and private health expenditures (30.729, p < 0000) are associated with high mortality rate across countries. Healthcare reforms affected by low healthcare spending, unsustainable environment, and ease of environmental regulations that ultimately increases mortality rate across countries. The Granger causality estimates confirmed the different causal mechanisms between socio-economic and environmental factors, which is directly linked with the country’s healthcare agenda, i.e., the causality running from (i) CO 2 emissions to life risks of maternal death and under-5 mortality rate, (ii) from depth of food deficit to incidence of tuberculosis and unemployment, (iii) from PM 2.5 emissions to infant mortality rate, (iv) from foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to PM 2.5 emissions, (v) from trade openness to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and (vi) from mortality indicators to per capita income, while there is a feedback relationship between health expenditures and per capita income across countries. The variance decomposition analysis shows that (i) under-5 mortality rate will increase out-of-pocket health expenditures, (ii) unemployment rate will increase mortality indicators, and (iii) health expenditures will increase economic well-being in a panel of selected countries, for the next 10 years.
format Article
author Saleem, Hummera
Jiandong, Wen
Mohammed Aldakhil, Abdullah
A. Nassani, Abdelmohsen
Qazi Abro, Muhammad Moinuddin
Zaman, Khalid
Khan, Aqeel
Hassan, Zainudin
Mohd. Rameli, Mohd. Rustam
author_facet Saleem, Hummera
Jiandong, Wen
Mohammed Aldakhil, Abdullah
A. Nassani, Abdelmohsen
Qazi Abro, Muhammad Moinuddin
Zaman, Khalid
Khan, Aqeel
Hassan, Zainudin
Mohd. Rameli, Mohd. Rustam
author_sort Saleem, Hummera
title Socio-economic and environmental factors influenced the united nations healthcare sustainable agenda: evidence from a panel of selected Asian and African countries
title_short Socio-economic and environmental factors influenced the united nations healthcare sustainable agenda: evidence from a panel of selected Asian and African countries
title_full Socio-economic and environmental factors influenced the united nations healthcare sustainable agenda: evidence from a panel of selected Asian and African countries
title_fullStr Socio-economic and environmental factors influenced the united nations healthcare sustainable agenda: evidence from a panel of selected Asian and African countries
title_full_unstemmed Socio-economic and environmental factors influenced the united nations healthcare sustainable agenda: evidence from a panel of selected Asian and African countries
title_sort socio-economic and environmental factors influenced the united nations healthcare sustainable agenda: evidence from a panel of selected asian and african countries
publisher Springer Verlag
publishDate 2019
url http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/87702/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04692-3
_version_ 1685578976351748096
score 13.211869

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