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Performance of small and large scales rainwater harvesting systems in commercial buildings under different reliability and future water tariff scenarios

A rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) was proposed for small and large commercial buildings in Malaysia as an alternative water supply for non-potable water consumption. The selected small and large commercial buildings are AEON Taman Universiti and AEON Bukit Indah, respectively. Daily rainfall data...

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Main Authors:	Md. Lani, Nor Hafizi, Syafiuddin, Achmad, Yusop, Zulkifli, Adam, Umussaa'dah, Mat Amin, Mohd. Zaki
Format:	Article
Published:	Elsevier B.V. 2018
Subjects:	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/84123/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.418
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id	my.utm.84123
record_format	eprints
spelling	my.utm.841232019-12-16T03:20:26Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/84123/ Performance of small and large scales rainwater harvesting systems in commercial buildings under different reliability and future water tariff scenarios Md. Lani, Nor Hafizi Syafiuddin, Achmad Yusop, Zulkifli Adam, Umussaa'dah Mat Amin, Mohd. Zaki TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) A rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) was proposed for small and large commercial buildings in Malaysia as an alternative water supply for non-potable water consumption. The selected small and large commercial buildings are AEON Taman Universiti and AEON Bukit Indah, respectively. Daily rainfall data employed in this work were obtained from the nearest rainfall station at Senai International Airport, which has the longest and reliable rainfall record (29 years). Water consumption at both buildings were monitored daily and combined with the secondary data obtained from the AEON's offices. The mass balance model was adopted as the simulation approach. In addition, the economic benefits of RWHS in terms of percentage of reliability (R), net present value (NPV), return on investment (ROI), benefit-cost ratio (BCR), and payback period (PBP) were examined. Effects of rainwater tank sizes and water tariffs on the economic indicators were also evaluated. The results revealed that the percentages of reliability of the RWHS for the small and large commercial buildings were up to 93 and 100%, respectively, depending on the size of rainwater tank use. The economic benefits of the proposed RWHS were highly influenced by the tank size and water tariff. At different water tariffs between RM3.0/m3 and RM4.7/m3, the optimum PBPs for small system range from 6.5 to 10.0 years whereas for the large system from 3.0 to 4.5 years. Interestingly, the large commercial RWHS offers better NPV, ROI, BCR, and PBP compared to the small system, suggesting more economic benefits for the larger system. Elsevier B.V. 2018 Article PeerReviewed Md. Lani, Nor Hafizi and Syafiuddin, Achmad and Yusop, Zulkifli and Adam, Umussaa'dah and Mat Amin, Mohd. Zaki (2018) Performance of small and large scales rainwater harvesting systems in commercial buildings under different reliability and future water tariff scenarios. Science of the Total Environment, 636 . pp. 1171-1179. ISSN 0048-9697 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.418
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building	UTM Library
collection	Institutional Repository
continent	Asia
country	Malaysia
content_provider	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source	UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider	http://eprints.utm.my/
topic	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
spellingShingle	TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Md. Lani, Nor Hafizi Syafiuddin, Achmad Yusop, Zulkifli Adam, Umussaa'dah Mat Amin, Mohd. Zaki Performance of small and large scales rainwater harvesting systems in commercial buildings under different reliability and future water tariff scenarios
description	A rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) was proposed for small and large commercial buildings in Malaysia as an alternative water supply for non-potable water consumption. The selected small and large commercial buildings are AEON Taman Universiti and AEON Bukit Indah, respectively. Daily rainfall data employed in this work were obtained from the nearest rainfall station at Senai International Airport, which has the longest and reliable rainfall record (29 years). Water consumption at both buildings were monitored daily and combined with the secondary data obtained from the AEON's offices. The mass balance model was adopted as the simulation approach. In addition, the economic benefits of RWHS in terms of percentage of reliability (R), net present value (NPV), return on investment (ROI), benefit-cost ratio (BCR), and payback period (PBP) were examined. Effects of rainwater tank sizes and water tariffs on the economic indicators were also evaluated. The results revealed that the percentages of reliability of the RWHS for the small and large commercial buildings were up to 93 and 100%, respectively, depending on the size of rainwater tank use. The economic benefits of the proposed RWHS were highly influenced by the tank size and water tariff. At different water tariffs between RM3.0/m3 and RM4.7/m3, the optimum PBPs for small system range from 6.5 to 10.0 years whereas for the large system from 3.0 to 4.5 years. Interestingly, the large commercial RWHS offers better NPV, ROI, BCR, and PBP compared to the small system, suggesting more economic benefits for the larger system.
format	Article
author	Md. Lani, Nor Hafizi Syafiuddin, Achmad Yusop, Zulkifli Adam, Umussaa'dah Mat Amin, Mohd. Zaki
author_facet	Md. Lani, Nor Hafizi Syafiuddin, Achmad Yusop, Zulkifli Adam, Umussaa'dah Mat Amin, Mohd. Zaki
author_sort	Md. Lani, Nor Hafizi
title	Performance of small and large scales rainwater harvesting systems in commercial buildings under different reliability and future water tariff scenarios
title_short	Performance of small and large scales rainwater harvesting systems in commercial buildings under different reliability and future water tariff scenarios
title_full	Performance of small and large scales rainwater harvesting systems in commercial buildings under different reliability and future water tariff scenarios
title_fullStr	Performance of small and large scales rainwater harvesting systems in commercial buildings under different reliability and future water tariff scenarios
title_full_unstemmed	Performance of small and large scales rainwater harvesting systems in commercial buildings under different reliability and future water tariff scenarios
title_sort	performance of small and large scales rainwater harvesting systems in commercial buildings under different reliability and future water tariff scenarios
publisher	Elsevier B.V.
publishDate	2018
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/84123/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.418
_version_	1654960043844435968
score	13.211869

Performance of small and large scales rainwater harvesting systems in commercial buildings under different reliability and future water tariff scenarios

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