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Application of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment and cellulosic ethanol production

Water pollution and depletion of fossil fuels are crucial issues which significantly affect sustainability of water resources and usage of non-renewable energies. Phytoremediation technique is an effective method to treat different types of wastewater using plants in an economical way. Lignocellulos...

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Main Author: Rezania, Shahabaldin
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2016
Subjects:
TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Online Access:http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78980/1/ShahabaldinRezaniaPFKA2016.pdf
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spelling my.utm.789802018-09-19T05:21:30Z http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78980/ Application of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment and cellulosic ethanol production Rezania, Shahabaldin TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Water pollution and depletion of fossil fuels are crucial issues which significantly affect sustainability of water resources and usage of non-renewable energies. Phytoremediation technique is an effective method to treat different types of wastewater using plants in an economical way. Lignocellulosic biomass as a renewable resource can be replaced with fossil fuels. In this research, the lignocellulosic aquatic plant, water hyacinth (WH) was propagated in fabricated tanks to evaluate wastewater purification and ethanol production efficiency. Wastewater treatment was performed in two modes (batch and continuous) and the results were compared with the Interim National Water Quality Standards, Malaysia River classification (INWQS) and Water Quality Index (WQI). The matured plants were harvested at maximum growth rate with the highest sugar content. Then, the WH was dried, and four pretreatments, namely ionic liquid, acidic, alkali and microwave-alkali were performed to obtain optimum carbohydrates content. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) were used for compositional and structural analysis on WH before and after pretreatments. Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) was performed to obtain a high level of sugars which could be converted into ethanol. In the fermentation process, the inoculation of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and commercial cellulase enzyme from (Aspergillus niger) were used. Total reducing sugar and ethanol concentration were measured by Dinitrosalicylic Acid (DNS) method and gas chromatography. In the batch system, some parameters such as pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate (PO3 -4), nitrate (NO3 -), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3) and total organic carbon (TOC) were reduced and the water quality has improved from class III to II. In the continuous system, the removal efficiency 38% to 96% of ten parameters was obtained. The highest ethanol yield was produced by alkali-treated WH with 6.2 ± 0.4 g/L with 0.12 g/g WH/ethanol in 48 hours followed by microwave-alkali, acid and ionic liquid pretreatments. 2016 Thesis NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78980/1/ShahabaldinRezaniaPFKA2016.pdf Rezania, Shahabaldin (2016) Application of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment and cellulosic ethanol production. PhD thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Civil Engineering. http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:105968
institution Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
building UTM Library
collection Institutional Repository
continent Asia
country Malaysia
content_provider Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
content_source UTM Institutional Repository
url_provider http://eprints.utm.my/
language English
topic TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
spellingShingle TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Rezania, Shahabaldin
Application of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment and cellulosic ethanol production
description Water pollution and depletion of fossil fuels are crucial issues which significantly affect sustainability of water resources and usage of non-renewable energies. Phytoremediation technique is an effective method to treat different types of wastewater using plants in an economical way. Lignocellulosic biomass as a renewable resource can be replaced with fossil fuels. In this research, the lignocellulosic aquatic plant, water hyacinth (WH) was propagated in fabricated tanks to evaluate wastewater purification and ethanol production efficiency. Wastewater treatment was performed in two modes (batch and continuous) and the results were compared with the Interim National Water Quality Standards, Malaysia River classification (INWQS) and Water Quality Index (WQI). The matured plants were harvested at maximum growth rate with the highest sugar content. Then, the WH was dried, and four pretreatments, namely ionic liquid, acidic, alkali and microwave-alkali were performed to obtain optimum carbohydrates content. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) were used for compositional and structural analysis on WH before and after pretreatments. Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) was performed to obtain a high level of sugars which could be converted into ethanol. In the fermentation process, the inoculation of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and commercial cellulase enzyme from (Aspergillus niger) were used. Total reducing sugar and ethanol concentration were measured by Dinitrosalicylic Acid (DNS) method and gas chromatography. In the batch system, some parameters such as pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate (PO3 -4), nitrate (NO3 -), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3) and total organic carbon (TOC) were reduced and the water quality has improved from class III to II. In the continuous system, the removal efficiency 38% to 96% of ten parameters was obtained. The highest ethanol yield was produced by alkali-treated WH with 6.2 ± 0.4 g/L with 0.12 g/g WH/ethanol in 48 hours followed by microwave-alkali, acid and ionic liquid pretreatments.
format Thesis
author Rezania, Shahabaldin
author_facet Rezania, Shahabaldin
author_sort Rezania, Shahabaldin
title Application of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment and cellulosic ethanol production
title_short Application of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment and cellulosic ethanol production
title_full Application of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment and cellulosic ethanol production
title_fullStr Application of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment and cellulosic ethanol production
title_full_unstemmed Application of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment and cellulosic ethanol production
title_sort application of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment and cellulosic ethanol production
publishDate 2016
url http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78980/1/ShahabaldinRezaniaPFKA2016.pdf
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78980/
http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:105968
_version_ 1643658063661498368
score 13.211869

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